write down about mitochondrial inheritance
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Photosynthesis, the process by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy. During photosynthesis in green plants, light energy is captured and used to convert water, carbon dioxide, and minerals into oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds.
Mitochondrial inheritance
Mitochondria tend to be inherited from just one parent or the other (or at least, to be unequally inherited from the two parents). In the case of humans, it is the mother who contributes mitochondria to the zygote, or one-celled embryo, by way of the egg's cytoplasm. Sperm do contain mitochondria, but they are not usually inherited by the zygote. There has been a reported case of paternal inheritance of mitochondria in a human, but this is extremely rare.
Maternal inheritance of mitochondria in humans
Because mitochondria are inherited from a person's mother, they provide a way to trace matrilineal ancestry (line of descent through an unbroken chain of female ancestors).
To understand how mitochondria connect you to your mother's mother's foremothers, consider where your mitochondria came from. They were received from your mother, in the cytoplasm of the egg cell that gave rise to you. Where did your mother get her own mitochondria? From her mother, that is, your maternal grandmother.
If you keep asking this question, you can walk backward in time through your family tree, following your matrilineal ancestors and tracing the transmission route of your mitochondrial DNA.
Mitochondrial mutations and human disease
Mutations in mitochondrial DNA can lead to human genetic disorders. For example, large deletions in mitochondrial DNA cause a condition called Kearns-Sayre syndrome. These deletions keep the mitochondria from doing their job of extracting energy. Kearns-Sayre syndrome can cause symptoms such as weakness of the muscles, including those that control eyelid and eye movement, as well as degeneration of the retina and development of heart disease.
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