Write down short note on Akbar admistration and policies
Answers
The Administrative System of Akbar holds a significant place in Indian History. Emperor Akbar’s administration system was built on systematic imperial policies which survived several generations.
Babur laid the foundation of the Mughal rule in India. But be died before he could consolidate. Humayun was unequal to the task he was called upon to fulfill. Akbar was required to build a new, and he built to last. Historians have rightly accorded him the distinction of being regarded as the architect of the Mughal Empire of India.
Like all rulers of his age Akbar was a despot, but he did not abuse his position for personal welfare. The administration of akbar was based on the principles of the moral and material welfare of people. He extended equal treatment to all classes of his subject irrespective of the faiths they professed. He pursued a liberal and benevolent policy and believed that the end of government was to promote the welfare of the governed.
King Akbar made sincere efforts to bring order and discipline in the work of government. He introduced the system of paying his officers in cash instead of granting them jagir as was the past. He thoroughly reorganized the revenue administration system with the help of Raja Todar Mal. He made a thorough and minute survey of all lands and classified those under three heads according to their fertility. He fixed the revenue at one-third of the gross produce and allowed it to be paid either in kind or in cash. His revenue settlement was modeled on that of Sher Shah and it brought lasting benefits to his people.
The Mughal government of Akbar was divided divided into fifteen
The military administration of Akbar is also priseworthy. Mughal Akbar reformed the existing military organization by introducing regular gradation of military officers called Mansabdars. They were divided into 33 grades. They received fixed pay from the state and were required to render such military duties as were entrusted to them from time to time.
Akbar realized that India being the common land of the Hindu and the Muslim alike, the policy of Government should be directed towards securing the goodwill of all classes of hi subjects. He acted up to this principle and succeeded in evolving what may be called a nation-state in India.
Answer:
Akbar was 13 years old when he became emperor. His
reign can be divided into three periods.
(1) 1556-1570 – Akbar became independent of the regent
Bairam Khan and other members of his domestic staff.
Military campaigns were launched against the Suris and
other Afghans, against the neighbouring kingdoms of
Malwa and Gondwana, and to suppress the revolt of his
half-brother Mirza Hakim and the Uzbegs. In 1568 the
Sisodiya capital of Chittor was seized and in 1569
Ranthambhor.
(2) 1570-1585 – military campaigns in Gujarat were
followed by campaigns in the east in Bihar, Bengal and
Orissa. These campaigns were complicated by the
1579-1580 revolt in support of Mirza Hakim.
(3) 1585-1605 – expansion of Akbar’s empire. Campaigns
were launched in the north-west. Qandahar was seized
from the Safavids, Kashmir was annexed, as also Kabul,
after the death of Mirza Hakim. Campaigns in the Deccan
started and Berar, Khandesh and parts of Ahmadnagar
were annexed. In the last years of his reign Akbar was
distracted by the rebellion of Prince Salim, the future
Emperor Jahangir.
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