Write down the differences between Relative and mixed cell Reference
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Answers
Explanation:
Unlike relative cell references, absolute cell references don’t change when you copy the formula to other cells.
For example, suppose you have the data set as shown below where you have to calculate the commission for each item’s total sales.
The commission is 20% and is listed in cell G1.
Absolute Cell reference in Excel - Dataset blank
To get the commission amount for each item sale, use the following formula in cell E2 and copy for all cells:
=D2*$G$1
Absolute Cell reference in Excel - formula
Note that there are two dollar signs ($) in the cell reference that has the commission – $G$2.
What does the Dollar ($) sign do?
A dollar symbol, when added in front of the row and column number, makes it absolute (i.e., stops the row and column number from changing when copied to other cells).
For example, in the above case, when I copy the formula from cell E2 to E3, it changes from =D2*$G$1 to =D3*$G$1.
Note that while D2 changes to D3, $G$1 doesn’t change.
Since we have added a dollar symbol in front of ‘G’ and ‘1’ in G1, it wouldn’t let the cell reference change when it’s copied.
Hence this makes the cell reference absolute.
When to Use Absolute Cell References in Excel?
Absolute cell references are useful when you don’t want the cell reference to change as you copy formulas. This could be the case when you have a fixed value that you need to use in the formula (such as tax rate, commission rate, number of months, etc.)
While you can also hard code this value in the formula (i.e., use 20% instead of $G$2), having it in a cell and then using the cell reference allows you to change it at a future date.
For example, if your commission structure changes and you’re now paying out 25% instead of 20%, you can simply change the value in cell G2, and all the formulas would automatically update.
What are Mixed Cell References in Excel?
Mixed cell references are a bit more tricky than the absolute and relative cell references.
There can be two types of mixed cell references:
The row is locked while the column changes when the formula is copied.
The column is locked while the row changes when the formula is copied.
Let’s see how it works using an example.
Below is a data set where you need to calculate the three tiers of commission based on the percentage value in cell E2, F2, and G2.
Mixed Cell References in Excel - Dataset
Now you can use the power of mixed reference to calculate all these commissions with just one formula.
Enter the below formula in cell E4 and copy for all cells.
=$B4*$C4*E$2
Mixed Cell References in Excel - Formula
The above formula uses both kinds of mixed cell references (one where the row is locked and one where the column is locked).
Let’s analyze each cell reference and understand how it works:
$B4 (and $C4) – In this reference, the dollar sign is right before the Column notation but not before the Row number. This means that when you copy the formula to the cells on the right, the reference will remain the same as the column is fixed. For example, if you copy the formula from E4 to F4, this reference would not change. However, when you copy it down, the row number would change as it is not locked.
E$2 – In this reference, the dollar sign is right before the row number, and the Column notation has no dollar sign. This means that when you copy the formula down the cells, the reference will not change as the row number is locked. However, if you copy the formula to the right, the column alphabet would change as it’s not locked.
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relative cell reference is a formula is based on the relative position of cellcontained in formula by default ,a spreadsheet reference is relative.
A mixed cell reference to a cell when you want to copy a part of it absolute and part relative.
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