Question

Write down the preparation of oxides by different methods ?​

Answer 1

Answer:

Oxides can be prepared in the form of single crystals or polycrystalline or amorphous samples. For studies where surface atomic arrangements need to be known, single crystal samples are used from which well-ordered crystallographic surface planes can be prepared. There are many well-established methods to grow single crystals. The most common method is growth from the melt. In this method, very high temperatures are required, and the oxygen partial pressure above the melt must be carefully controlled to ensure that the crystal attains the desired stoichiometry. When the melting point of the oxide is so high that the oxide decomposes, other lower temperature methods may be employed, such as vapor transport. For most practical purposes where a large specific surface area is essential, polycrystalline or amorphous samples are desirable. Experience has shown that, generally, low temperature processes are necessary to obtain oxides of large surface areas or small particle sizes. However, methods can be developed, such as in the preparation of aerogels, in which high temperatures are used. A low temperature treatment does not necessarily lead to the formation of the thermodynamically most stable phase. Instead, depending on the details of the preparation procedure, metastable phases and/or amorphous samples may be obtained. A low temperature treatment may also lead to the formation of hydrous oxides from the precursors obtained by aqueous precipitation...

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Answer 2

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ʜᴇᴀᴛɪɴɢ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏʀʀᴇꜱᴘᴏɴᴅɪɴɢ ʜʏᴅʀᴏxɪᴅᴇꜱ, ɴɪᴛʀᴀᴛᴇꜱ, ᴏʀ ᴄᴀʀʙᴏɴᴀᴛᴇꜱ ɪꜱ ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴏꜱᴛ ᴄᴏᴍᴍᴏɴ ᴍᴇᴛʜᴏᴅ ꜰᴏʀ ᴘʀᴏᴅᴜᴄɪɴɢ ᴏxɪᴅᴇꜱ. ʜᴇᴀᴛɪɴɢ ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴇᴛᴀʟ ᴏʀ ᴍᴇᴛᴀʟ ᴏxɪᴅᴇ ɪɴ ᴏxʏɢᴇɴ ᴍᴀʏ ʟᴇᴀᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ꜰᴏʀᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏꜰ ᴘᴇʀᴏxɪᴅᴇꜱ ᴀɴᴅ ꜱᴜᴘᴇʀᴏxɪᴅᴇꜱ. ᴛʜᴇ ꜱᴏʟᴜʙʟᴇ ᴏxɪᴅᴇꜱ ᴅɪꜱꜱᴏʟᴠᴇ ɪɴ ᴡᴀᴛᴇʀ ᴛᴏ ꜰᴏʀᴍ ꜱᴏʟᴜᴛɪᴏɴꜱ ᴏꜰ ʜʏᴅʀᴏxɪᴅᴇꜱ.

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