write experiment about purification of solid. (11th class)
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Answer:
Crystallization
In this process, a saturated solution of impure substance is prepared in hot solvent and heated with animal charcoal which adsorbs the impurities. The solution is filtered and filtrate on cooling deposits crystals of pure compound. Success of the process depends upon the selection of the solvent. The impurities must be least soluble. A process in which crystal formation is initiated by adding crystals of pure substance, is known as seeding.
Fractional Crystallisation
It is based on the different solubilities of different compounds in a solvent. The compound having less solubility crystallises out first on cooling leaving behind others in solution. Sometimes mixture of two solvents, e.g., alcohol and water. chloroform and petroleum ether, give better results.
Sublimation
Some solids directly convert into vapours when heated without converting into liquid. These are known as sublimate and this process is called sublimation. The substances which sublime can be purified by this method provided the impurities present does not sublime. Camphor, naphthalene and anthracene are purified by sublimation.
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Purification of solid organic compounds • Purification of organic compounds is important because, organic compound made in the laboratory contains impurities. The common methods for purification are crystallisation, sublimation, distillation, chromatography, etc.
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#divu.Sigma and pi bonds are chemical covalent bonds. Sigma and pi bonds are formed by the overlap of atomic orbitals. Sigma bonds are formed by end-to-end overlapping and Pi bonds are when the lobe of one atomic orbital overlaps another