write experiment to analysis functional group test on file for -CHO,-OH,-CO,-COOH,-NH2
Answers
Answer:(a)(i) Because of −I effect of Cl atom in ClCH
2
COOH and +I effct of CH
3
group in CH
3
COOH the electron density in the O−H bond in ClCH
2
COOH is much lower than CH
3
COOH. As a result O−H bond in ClCH
2
COOH is much weaker than in CH
3
COOH therefore loses a proton more easily than CH
3
COOH. Hence, ClCH
2
COOH acid is stronger acid than CH
3
COOH.
(ii) Carboxylic acids are resonance hybride of the following structure:
Similarly, a carbonyl group of aldehydes and ketones may regarded as resonance hybride of following structures.
Because of contribution of structure (IV). the carbonylmcarbon in aidehydes and ketones is electrophilic. On the other hand electrophilic character of carboxyl carbon is reduced due to contribution of structure (ii). As carbonyl carbon of carboxyl group is less electropositive than carbonyl carbon in aldehydes and ketones therefore carboxylic acids do not give nucleophilic addition reactions of aldehydes and ketones.
(b)(i) Ref. image (ii) Ref. image
(c) CH
3
−CH
2
−CH
2
−COH
3
Explanation: