write five lines on usefulness and 5 lines on harmful effects of micro-organism
Answers
USEFULLNESS OF MICROORGANISMS
They are used in winemaking, baking, pickling and other food-making processes.
Alcoholic fermentation by yeast is widely used in the preparation of wine and bread.
A bacterium Lactobacillus promotes the formation of curd.
Microbes are used to reduce pollution.
They are used to increase soil fertility by fixing atmospheric nitrogen.
Microbes are also useful in preparing many medicines and antibiotics.
Certain microbes are also used in the biological treatment of sewage and industrial effluents.
Some microorganisms are taken as probiotics, that are believed to provide health benefits when consumed.
Bacteria are also involved in making cheese.
Acetobacter acetic is used for producing acetic acid from alcohol.
HARMFULL EFFECTS
Several of them are pathogenic in nature but there is a lot of scare around them. One has to be aware that any organisms can cause problems when they are exceedingly large (more than the threshold) in numbers, more than what our immune system can immediately encounter or if they gain direct access to blood.
Food spoilage. This is in line with point 1. Some Microorganisms do survive in food even after heating as spores etc. Or due to contact with some utensils etc. they can be re-introduced. But again they are still not enough to harm us. Only when food is kept for a long time unheated and unconsumed say at room temperature, it allows for the microorganisms to grow and multiply, thus increasing their number. A food is spoiled when/and just before you get a characteristic smell, also you should avoid a food that has been kept for long outside without preservatives even if it doesn’t give off smell, but has changes in consistency or texture. Preservatives are the reasons pickles do not get spoiled easily.
Certain microorganisms can form biofilms on surfaces and even pipelines etc. If they get some ambient nutrients and environment. These biofilms are hard to destroy as they protect microorganisms from external abuse allowing them to concentrate in numbers.
Dental problems, that’s what happens when our normal microbiome of our mouth receives a huge party of sugars etc to exploot and if teeth are not cleaned properly or due to certain genetic factors and other physiological factors as well. Halitosis or bad breadth, even the morning breadth is due to microorganisms breakding down those several nutrients available to them producing odorous sulphur and nitrogen compounds
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