write four characteristics of phylum porifera examples sponge
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Characteristic Features of Phylum Porifera
- They are generally marine aquatic organisms, with a few freshwater species.
- Their bodies are asymmetrical.
- Body shape can be cylindrical, vase-like, rounded or sac-like.
- They are diploblastic animals with two layers, the outer dermal layer and the inner gastral layer. There is a gelatinous, non-cellular mesoglea, in between these two layers. This contains many free amoeboid cells.
- The body has many pores called the ostia and a single large opening called osculum at the top.
- Spongocoel is the body cavity that is present.
- They have the characteristic canal system for the flow of water through the body.
- Sense organs are absent.
- There is an endoskeleton present with calcareous spicules (calcium carbonate) or siliceous spicules (silica) or sponging fibres (protein).
- Sexes are not separate.
- Asexual reproduction is seen through budding, fragmentation. Sexual reproduction is seen in certain species, through gametic fusion.
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