Question

Write four concepts which can be included in the

poster prepared by school health club as a part of

Tuberculosis awareness program.​

Answer 1

Answer:

• education and awareness about TB as part of general or occuptional

employee health education and awareness activities;

• advocacy on TB control;

• referral of employees with TB symptoms to the nearest health facility for

diagnosis and treatment;

• support of TB patients during their treatment, including directly observing

their treatment.

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Answer 2

It has been argued that, while reversing the obesity epidemic is not solely the responsibility of schools, the trend is unlikely to change without schools’ assistance (Siedentop, 2009). Schools are an ideal venue for the implementation of healthy behaviors because they serve more than 56 million youth in the United States; because youth spend such a large amount of time in school; and because schools already have the access, personnel, equipment, and space to implement physical activity programming.

Physical activity opportunities in schools take the form primarily of formal instruction in physical education for all students and sport-based athletics for the talented and interested. Although physical education is a required school subject, the classes may occur infrequently, and children taking them often accrue only low levels of physical activity (Simons-Morton et al., 1994). According to Tudor-Locke and colleagues (2006), physical education programs typically provide only 8-11 percent of a student’s daily recommended physical activity. However, a meta-analysis of the literature revealed that physical education can help children achieve up to 40 percent of the recommended 60 or more minutes of daily vigorous- or

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Suggested Citation:"6 Approaches to Physical Activity in Schools." Institute of Medicine. 2013. Educating the Student Body: Taking Physical Activity and Physical Education to School. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18314.×

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moderate-intensity physical activity per day (Bassett et al., 2013; see also Chapter 5).

Mahar (2011) states that children’s physical activity levels are directly related to the opportunities they have to be active. Schools have the potential to influence the physical activity behaviors of their students through various opportunities in addition to physical education (e.g., recess periods, classroom physical activity breaks, active transport to and from school; van Landeghem, 2003). Furthermore, children are sedentary for much of the school day, and emerging evidence suggests that long periods of inactivity should be avoided. Thus it is essential for the school setting to provide opportunities outside of physical education for school-age children to be physically activity throughout the school day.

This chapter reviews the status and trends of sedentary behavior in schools and describes opportunities for physical activity in the school environment other than physical education, including classroom activity Breaks, recess, intra- and extramural sports, active transport, and after-school programs. Also reviewed are policies that may affect these opportunities, as well as barriers to and enablers of the opportunities. Chapter 7 examines the evidence on the effectiveness of these physical activity opportunities.

SEDENTARISM IN SCHOOLS

The committee did not identify a widely recognized definition of sedentarism, a new word in the English language, but one that exists in other languages to describe sedentary behaviors, sedentary activities, a sedentary lifestyle, or physical inactivity. Bernstein and colleagues (1999) describe sedentarism in terms of energy expenditure, while Ricciardi (2005) defines it in terms of what it is not, that is, not engaging in physical activity. Probably the most commonly accepted definition is time spent other than in sleep, or time spent in vigorous-, moderate-, or light-intensity physical activity. The word also is used to describe the status of a person or a population with high levels of sedentary behaviors or a sedentary lifestyle.

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