Write four differences between the parliamentary democratic system of India and England.
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What are the differences between British and Indian parliamentary system?
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In Britain, The head of the state is either King or Queen of the royal family while in India, we elect head of the state or president after every 5 years.
In Britain, PM should be member of lower house while in India, PM can be member of Lower house (Lok sabha) or house house (Rajya sabha).
In Britain, ministers should be member of Parliament (MP) while In India, it is not necessary for minister to be a MP but only for period of 6 months.
In Britain, Opposition forms ‘shadow cabinet’ in contrast to the ruling party’s cabinet and prepare their minister for future ministerial office. In India there is no such concept.
In Britain, ministers are legally bound to their responsibility while in India there is no such legal limitation for ministers.
In Britain, Parliament is supreme but In India, Parliament is not supreme and has limited powers.
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There are some striking differences between British and Indian parliamentary systems.
In Britain the responsibilities of the cabinet is based on conventions whereas in India it is specified in Art.75 of the Indian Constitution.
In Britain the Prime Minister selects and assigns portfolios to the ministers whereas the same is done by the President in India as per Art.75.
President always acts upon the advice of the Prime Minister . However before the 42nd and 44th amendment it was not obligatory on the President to act upon the advice of the Prime Minister.
Ministers of Britain are invariably selected among the members of the parliament whereas in India any one can hold the position of Minister at the pleasure of the president, with due qualification as per law, even if he is not a member of both the houses. But he has to get elected within six months to either of the houses.
In the United Kingdom cabinet serves as a unit before the Parliament and Sovereign. It's views are placed by the cabinet as a single whole before the Parliament and Sovereign as if they are views of one man. In India President can ask the Prime Minister to place a subject before the council of ministers if it is not discussed and decided by the Cabinet.
President of India can demoralize the cabinet by resorting to frequent excersise of suspensive veto and the Council Ministers can hardly take any action except through impeachment which is a laborious and time consuming one.