write important feature of the three major River system
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Answer:
. The Himalayan Rivers:
The Himalayan Rivers: Most of the Himalayan Rivers are perennial (i.e. they have water throughout the year).
River System: A river along with its tributaries forms a river system.
The three major Himalayan River Systems are:
1. The Indus River System
2. The Ganga River System
3. The Brahmaputra River System
The Indus River System:
The river Indus originates in Tibet; near Lake Mansarowar. It enters India in the Ladakh district of Jammu & Kashmir.
Zaskar, Nubra, Shyok and Hunza are the main tributaries which join the Indus in Kashmir region.
After flowing through Baltistan and Gilgit, the Indus emerges from the mountains at Attock.
Sutlej, Beas, Ravi, Chenab and Jhelum join together and enter the Indus near Mithankot in Pakistan.
After that, the Indus flows southwards and finally reaches the Arabian Sea, east of Karachi.
Indus is 2900 km long.
The Indus plain has a very gentle slope.
A little over one-third of the Indus basin is located in India; in the states of Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Punjab. The rest of the portion is in Pakistan.
The Ganga River System:
The river Ganga in its origin state is known as Bhagirathi. It is fed by the Gnagotri Glacier.
Bhagirathi is joined by Alaknanda at Devprayag in Uttarakhand.
Ganga emerges from the mountains on to the plains at Haridwar.
Yamuna, Ghaghara, Gandak and Kosi are the major tributaries of Ganga.
Yamuna originates from the Yamunotri Glacier in the Himalayas. It meets Ganga at Allahabad.
Ghaghara, Gandak and Kosi rise in the Nepal Himalaya.
Chambal, Betwa and Son are the major tributaries which come from the peninsular uplands.
After taking waters from various tributaries, Ganga flows towards east till Farakka (West Bengal).
The river bifurcates at Farakka. The Bhagirathi-Hooghly (a distributary) flows towards south to the Bay of Bengal.
The mainstream flows southwards into Bangladesh; where it is joined by the Brahmaputra. It is known as Meghna.
Finally, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra flow into the Bay of Bengal forming the Sunderban Delta.
The total length of river Ganga is 2500 km.
Ambala is located on the water divide between Indus and Ganga.
Length of plains from Ambala to Sundarban detla is around 1800 kms. But the slope is only 300 metres.
In this area river develops large meanders.
The Brahmaputra River System:
The Brahmaputra rises in Tibet; east of Mansarowar lake.
River Brahmaputra is a little longer than the river Indus.
Most of the course of the Brahmaputra lies outside India, popularly known as Tsangpo . It flows eastwards parallel to the Himalayas.
After reaching Namcha Barwa, it takes a "U" turn (also known as Hair Pin turn) and enters India in Arunachal Pradesh through a gorge known as Dihang. In this region the river is known as Dihang.
It is joined by Dibang, Lohit, Kenula and many other tributaries and finally forms the Brahmaputra in Assam.
Majuli (in Assam) is the largest riverine island in the world. The island had a total area of 1,250 square kms.
Unlike other north Indian rivers the Brahmaputra gets huge deposits of silt on its bed. This results in rising of the river bed.
River Brahmaputra is known by different names in different regions: (Tsangpo in Tibet, Brahmaputra in India & Jamuna in Bangladesh).