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Differences between Political Executives and Permanent Executives :
Political Executive Permanent Executive
1. Executives who are elected by the people for a specific period are called the political executives. 1. The permanent executives are salaried civil servants who are appointed on a long-term basis.
2. Example-Political leaders like the Prime Minister, Council of Ministers and so on. 2. Persons working in civil services. For example - IAS, IFS, IPS etc.
3. They remain in office only so long as they command the confidence of the majority members of Parliament. 3. They remain in office even when the ruling party changes.Their tenure of office is fixed.
4. They are answerable to people for all the consequences of their decisions. 4. They are not answerable to the people.
5. They are more powerful. They take all the final decisions. 5. They are less powerful. They do not take decisions. Instead they assist political executives in carrying out day-to-day administration
Q2 political executive are more powerful than permanent executive because although permanent executives have various powers but the sign for the discussion results are of the political executives makes them more powerful .permanent executives have the power to design the law or any function but will be accepted only if political parties will sign it.
Q3 Lok Sabha exercises supreme power in the following ways:-
(i) Any ordinary law needs to be passed by both the houses but in case of conflict, view of Lok Sabha prevails because it has large number of members.
(ii) Once the Lok Sabha passes the budget or any other money related law, Rajya Sabha cannot reject it. The Rajya Sabha can delay it for a maximum of 14 days or suggest changes in it which may or may not be accepted by the Lok Sabha.
(iii) Most importantly, the Lok Sabha controls the Council of Ministers. If the majority of the Lok Sabha members say that they have no confidence in the Council of Ministers, then all the ministers including the Prime Minister have to resign.
Q4 The Mandal Commission, officially known as the Socially and Educationally Backward Classes Commission (SEBC), was set up on 1st January 1979 by the Indian Government under the then Prime Minister Morarji Desai. The Commission was chaired by an MP, B P Mandal. The chief mandate of the Mandal Commission was to identify the socially or educationally backward classes of India and to consider reservations as a means to address caste inequality and discrimination. The Commission submitted its report to the President on 31st December 1980.
Q5 The leader of Country: The Prime Minister of India is the Chief Head of the Government of India.
Portfolio allocation: The Prime Minister has the authority to assign respective portfolios to the Ministers.
Chairman of the Cabinet: The Prime Minister is the chairman of the cabinet and conducts the meetings of the Cabinet. He can impose his decision if there is a crucial opinion difference and conflict among the members.
Official Representative of the country: Prime minister represents the country for high-level international meetings and he is the ambassador of the country.
The link between the President and the Cabinet: The Prime Minister acts as the link and bond between the President and cabinet. He communicates and transmits all decisions of the Cabinet to the President which is related to the administration of the affairs of the Union and proposals for legislation.
Head: The Prime Minister is the head of many organisation and programs like Nuclear Command Authority, NITI Aayog, Appointments Committee of the Cabinet, Department of Atomic Energy, Department of Space and Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions.
Chief Advisor: He also plays the role of chief advisor to the President.