Write in brief
1. Explain:
b) How the First World War helped in the growth of the National Movement in In
c) Why Indians were outraged by the Rowlatt Act.
d) Why Gandhiji decided to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement
2. What is meant by the idea of satyagraha?
3. Write a newspaper report on:
a) The Jallianwala Bagh massacre
b) The Simon Commission
4. Compare the images of Bharat Mata in this chapter with the image of Germania
in Chapter 1
Discuss
Answers
Answer:
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Explanation:
b. The war created a new economic and political situation. It led to a huge increase in defense expenditure which was financed by war loans and increasing taxes: customs duties were raised and income tax introduced.
c. It gave the government autocratic powers to repress political activities besides allowing it to detain political prisoners without a trial, for two years. The Indians were outraged by this act as it was clearly undemocratic and oppressive and hurt national sentiments and dignity.
d.The Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn because of the Chauri Chaura incident. Although he had stopped the national revolt single-handedly, on 10 March 1922, Gandhi was arrested. ... This led to suppression of the movement and was followed by the arrest of other leaders.
2.The idea of satyagraha basically emphasised the power of truth and the demand to search for truth. It suggested that if the cause was true, if the struggle was against injustice, then the physical force was not necessary to fight the oppressor.
3.The Jallianwala Bagh massacre—facts—on 13 April,1919, General Dyer blocked the exit points from the enclosed ground of Jallianwala Bagh where a large crowd had gathered—some to protest against the British government's repressive measures, others to attend the annual Baisakhi fair.
3b.The Simon Commission—facts—it arrived in India in 1928 and faced protest slogans of “Go Back Simon”. It was because this body was to suggest constitutional changes in Indian governance, but it did not have any Indian members. The Congress and the Muslim League jointly demonstrated against it.