Write in brief about the medieval period of India.
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Medieval India refers to a long period of the history of the Indian subcontinent between the "ancient period" and "modern period". Definitions of the period itself vary widely, and partly for this reason, many historians now prefer to avoid the term completely.[1]
Definitions
One definition, used in the rest of this article, includes the period from the 6th century[2] or 8th century[3] up to the 16th century, essentially coinciding with the Middle Ages of Europe. It may be divided into two periods: The 'early medieval period' which lasted from the 6th to the 13th century and the 'late medieval period' which lasted from the 13th to the 16th century, ending with the start of the Mughal Empire in 1526. The Mughal era, from the 16th century to the 18th century, is often referred to as the early modern period,[2] but is sometimes also included in the 'late medieval' period. The Mughal Empire was the world's largest economy during this period.[4]
An alternative definition, often seen in those more recent authors who still use the term at all, brings the start of the medieval period forward, either to about 1000 CE, or to the 12th century.[5] The end may be pushed back to the 18th century, making the period in effect that between the start of Muslim domination (at least in northern India) and British India. Or the "early medieval" period as beginning in the 8th century, and ending with the 11th century.[6]
Periods
Early medieval period
Main article: Middle kingdoms of India
The start of the period is typically taken to be the slow collapse of the Gupta Empire from about 480 to 550,[10] ending the "classical" period, as well as "ancient India",[11] although both these terms may be used for periods with widely different dates, especially in specialized fields such as the history of art or religion.[12] At least in northern India, there was no larger state until perhaps the Delhi Sultanate, or certainly the Mughal Empire,[13] but there were several different dynasties ruling large areas for long periods, as well as many other dynasties ruling smaller areas, often paying some form of tribute to larger states. John Keay puts the typical number of dynasties within the subcontinent at any one time at between 20 and 40,[14] not including local rajas.
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