write in detail how the inventions by various Muslim Invaders brought about change in mediaeval India
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Answer:
The Mughals were Muslims who ruled a country with a large Hindu majority. However for much of their empire they allowed Hindus to reach senior government or military positions.
The Mughals brought many changes to India:
Centralised government that brought together many smaller kingdoms
Delegated government with respect for human rights
Persian art and culture
Persian language mixed with Arabic and Hindi to create Urdu
Periods of great religious tolerance
A style of architecture (e.g. the Taj Mahal)
A system of education that took account of pupils' needs and culture
Muslims in India
There had been Muslims in India long before the Mughals. The first Muslims arrived in the 8th century.
Gujurat mosque, a one-storey stone building with arches along its facade Ahmedabads Jama Masjid (Grand Mosque) was built in the 15th century in Gujarat ©
The Mughal Empire grew out of descendants of the Mongol Empire who were living in Turkestan in the 15th century. They had become Muslims and assimilated the culture of the Middle East, while keeping elements of their Far Eastern roots.
They also retained the great military skill and cunning of their Mongol ancestors, and were among the first Western military leaders to use guns.
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Babur
Babur
Gemstones in the arches of Humayun's tomb Jewelled archway in Humayun's tumb in Delhi ©
Babur the first Mughal Emperor, was a descendent of Genghis Khan and Tamerlaine.
Babur succeeded his father as ruler of the state of Farghana in Turkestan when he was only 12, although he was swiftly deposed by older relatives.
Babur moved into Afghanistan in 1504, and then moved on to India, apparently at the invitation of some Indian princes who wanted to dispose of their ruler. Babur disposed of the ruler, and decided to take over himself.
He captured the Turkic Ghur'iat Sultanate of Delhi in 1526, imposing his rule on most of Northern India.
The Empire he founded was a sophisticated civilisation based on religious toleration. It was a mixture of Persian, Mongol and Indian culture.
Babur may have been descended from brutal conquerors, but he was not a barbarian bent on loot and plunder. Instead he had great ideas about civilisation, architecture and administration.
He even wrote an autobiography, The Babur - Namah. The autobiography is candid, honest and at times even poetic.
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Abu Akbar
Intricately decorated stonework around the arched doorway to Itimad-ud-Daulah's tomb Itimad-ud-Daulah's tomb in Agra is considered a landmark in Mughal architecture ©
Akbar succeeded to the throne at 13, and started to recapture the remaining territory lost from Babur's empire. By the time of his death in 1605 he ruled over most of north, central, and western India.
Akbar worked hard to win over the hearts and minds of the Hindu leaders. While this may well have been for political reasons - he married a Hindu princess (and is said to have married several thousand wives for political and diplomatic purposes) - it was also a part of his philosophy.
Akbar believed that all religions should be tolerated, and that a ruler's duty was to treat all believers equally, whatever their belief.
Akbar's government machine included many Hindus in positions of responsibility - the governed were allowed to take a major part in the governing.
Jahan
The architectural achievements of the Mughals peaked between 1592 and 1666, during the reign of Jahangir's successor Jahan.
Corner of the Taj Mahal palace in golden sunlight The Taj Mahal, commissioned by Emperor Jahan, marks the apex of the Mughal Empire ©
Jahan commissioned the Taj Mahal. The Taj Mahal marks the apex of the Mughal Empire; it symbolises stability, power and confidence.
The building is a mausoleum built by Jahan for his wife Mumtaz and it has come to symbolise the love between two people.
Jahan's selection of white marble and the overall concept and design of the mausoleum give the building great power and majesty.
Jahan brought together fresh ideas in the creation of the Taj. Many of the skilled craftsmen involved in the construction were drawn from the empire. Many also came from other parts of the Islamic world - calligraphers from Shiraz, finial makers from Samrkand, and stone and flower cutters from Bukhara.
By Jahan's period the capital had moved to the Red Fort in Delhi, putting the Fort at the heart of Mughal power. As if to confirm it, Jahan had these lines inscribed there: "If there is Paradise on earth, it is here, it is here."
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Answer:
Turkish invasion Mahmud ghazni the first muslim to come india he invaded India 17 times in 27 yrs (1000-1027).he wanted to make ghazni, a small hilly and poor region, into a powerful empire. he gained the control of Afghanistan and khusrau. After his come the Mahammad Gori come he is the a small kingdom of ghor in Afghanistan. he conquered ghazni.he placed it under the change of his brother and decided to turn his attention towards india to expand his empire unlike Mahmud ghazni whose main aim of invading india was to loot the great wealth of india. after this mamluk dynasty, the khaljis dynasty, Tughlaq dynasty,Lodi dynasty,Mughal emperors come india to rule over it.
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