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1. Microorganisms are very useful to us. They help us in following ways: (i) Microorganisms help us in food sector. They are used for curdling of milk, preparation of bread, cake, etc. (ii) Microorganisms are used to produce alcohol at large scale. (iii) They are also used to produce wine. (iv) Yeast is used in bakeries. (v) They are also used as preservatives for food items. (vi) They are used to make different medicines, especially the antibiotics. (vii) Microorganisms are used to prepare vaccines for various diseases. (viii) They are useful for agriculture sector, as they enhance the fertility of soil by fixing nitrogen. (ix) They work as natural cleaners, as they decompose the dead bodies of plants and animals. (x) Microorganisms prepare manures by decomposing dead bodies of plants and animals.
2. They are small living organisms that are present everywhere- on us, inside us and in our surroundings and cannot be seen with the naked eye. Special devices called the microscope help us see and study them. However, it is important to note that not all microorganisms are bad. We can broadly classify these into ‘good’ and ‘bad’ microorganisms. The ‘good’ microorganisms help in the routine body functions such as digestion, immunity and coexist inside our body all the time. The ‘bad’ microorganisms are the ones that we need to stay clear of because they make us fall ill by causing diseases.
3. The term food preservation refers to any one of a number of techniques used to prevent food from spoiling. It includes methods such as canning, pickling, drying and freeze-drying, irradiation, pasteurization, smoking, and the addition of chemical additives.
4. The illness resulting from eating food or drinking water containing poisonous substances including bacteria, viruses, pesticides, or toxins. Symptoms generally begin within 2 to 6 hours and include abdominal cramping, diarrhea, fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, and weakness.
5. The nitrogen cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted into multiple chemical forms as it circulates among atmosphere, terrestrial, and marine ecosystems. The conversion of nitrogen can be carried out through both biological and physical processes.
Nitrogen fixation is a process by which molecular nitrogen in the air is converted into ammonia or related nitrogenous compounds in soil. Atmospheric nitrogen is molecular dinitrogen, a relatively nonreactive molecule that is metabolically useless to all but a few microorganisms.
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