Write in your own words about the remedial measures to be taken when an earthquake occur.
Answers
Answer:
Measures against earthquakes
Personal measures
Seek shelter under stable tables or under door frames.
If outside, stay away from buildings, bridges and electricity pylons and move to open areas.
Avoid areas at risk from secondary processes, such as landslides, rockfall and soil liquefaction.
After an earthquake, check gas, water and electricity pipes and lines for damage.
Listen to the radio and follow the instructions issued by the authorities.
Technical/biological measures
No measures can be taken to prevent earthquakes themselves, however limited measures exist that can counteract their secondary effects like landslides, rockfall and soil liquefaction.
Earthquake-proof planning and design of buildings
The microzoning of the local geological substratum provides indicators of areas in which tremors will have a particularly strong or attenuated effect.
Organisational measures
At present, earthquake prediction is insufficiently precise to provide the public with sufficient advance warning. For this reason, adequate preparedness and assistance in catastrophes is extremely important in areas affected by earthquakes. Measures of this nature enable numbers of human lives to be saved.
Answer:
1. Advance Preparations
(1) Improve your home’s earthquake resilience
Evaluate your home’s earthquake resilience, and improve it through steps such as fastening down furniture and putting anti-shatter coatings on glass windows.
(2) Stockpile water and foodstuffs
You should have at least three days’ worth of drinking water and foodstuffs stockpiled. You should also have radios and flashlights prepared.
(3) Participate in disaster training
Get to know the people in your community better by getting actively involved in community disaster training.
(4) Discuss disaster preparedness with your family
Verify how you will get in touch with each other and where the relief shelters are.
2. What To Do After an Earthquake
(1) The first two minutes after an earthquake
Protect yourself.
Stay away from furniture that could topple over, and hide under a desk or table. Do not panic and run outside.
(2) Immediately following an earthquake
Prevent fires and secure escape routes.
Shut off gas valves and unplug electrical cords. If a fire breaks out, calmly begin to put it out. Secure escape routes by opening doors and windows.
(3) The first three days following an earthquake
Make sure your family is safe, and watch out for aftershocks.
Stay away from houses that have started to collapse. Call out to your neighbors, and depending on the situation, head for a shelter on foot.
Assist neighbors with firefighting, rescue, and relief.
Cooperate with your neighbors to put out fires and rescue and attend to the injured.
Fend for yourself.
Use the drinking water and food that you’ve stockpiled. Beware of false rumors and rely only on correct information.
(4) From the fourth day onward
Survival and Recovery
Even after four days, you should watch out for aftershocks. Stay informed. Work towards getting things back to normal.
3. What To Do During an Earthquake
(1) Stop driving.
With a firm grip on the steering wheel, gradually reduce your speed, pull over to the left side of the road, and shut off the engine.
Until the tremors subside, calmly assess your surroundings and use your car radio to stay informed.
If you need to take shelter, leave your key in the ignition and the door unlocked. Taking your vehicle inspection papers and other important belongings with you, head for a shelter on foot.
(2) On the Road
Don’t just stand there. Use a bag or something else to protect your head from falling objects such as glass and building signs, and seek shelter in an open area or park.
Don’t get too close to cinder block walls or vending machines.
Watch out for telephone poles that are about to fall over and dangling power lines.
If there is no open space nearby, calmly assess your surroundings and move somewhere with a high degree of safety, away from buildings.
(3) Near the Shore
If you feel tremors, immediately seek the safety of high ground. Stay away from the shore until all tsunami alerts and warnings are lifted.
(4) On the Train
Grip the railing or hand strap tightly.
Even if the train stops between stations, do not exit the train on your own through a window or door using the emergency door override.
Calmly follow the instructions given to you by the conductors.
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