write note on mitochondria of plastid
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well these are long topics, so i gave u brief information:
1.Mitochondria are the powerhouse of cells.
2.Their whole purpose is to break down the molecules in ATP (cell food) so the cell can have the energy it needs to live Mitochondria.
3.Its length is 3 to 4 micrometer & its diameter is 0.5 to 1 micrometer.
4.Most of the cellular respiration takes place in mitochondria.
5.Mitochondria have tow membrane are as follows:
(i)Outer Membrane
(ii)Inner Membrane
The outer membrane & inner membrane is protect from Lipoprotein.
There is a space between the inner membrane & outer membranew called, not surprisingly, inter membrane space.
(i)Outer Membrane:
a. The outer membrane covers the mitochondria.
b.The outer membrane of cell are semipermeable or smooth which means that material can enter and leave the cell.
(ii)Inner Membrane:
a.The inner membrane of mitochondria are infolding or fingre like folding.These folds are called Cristae.
b.The electron transport system is a series of protien imbedded on the cristae of mitochondria.
6.Cristae:
a.These cristae are important because they make more surface area where chemical reaction can take space.
b.The molecules & some of the enzymes responsible for making ATP are located in & on the folds of these inner membrane.
7.Matrix:
a.The area inside the cristae is called the matrix.
b.The matrix is a fluid that has water & proteins (enzymes) all mixed together here's where the rest of the enzymes that make ATP come from.
c. The Krebs cycle occurs in the matrix while electron takes place on the cristae.
Plastids are double-membrane organelle which are found in the cells of plants and algae. Plastids are responsible for manufacturing and storing of food. These often contains pigments that are used in photosynthesis and different types of pigments that can change the color of the cell.
Common Plastids –
Chloroplasts
Chromoplasts
Gerontoplasts
Leucoplasts
Types of PlastidsChloroplasts– Chloroplasts are the most known plastids which are responsible for photosynthesis. These are covered with thylakoids where the process of photosynthesis occurs.
Chromoplasts– is a name given to an area for all the pigments to be kept and synthesized in the plant. These can be usually found in flowering plants, aging leaves and fruits. Chloroplasts convert into chromoplasts. Chromoplasts are carotenoid pigments that allow different colors that you see in leaves and fruits. The main reason for its structure and the color for attracting pollinators.
Gerontoplasts – These are basically chloroplasts that goes with the aging process. Geronoplasts refers to the chloroplasts of the leaves that helps the beginning to convert into different other organelles when the leaf is no longer using photosynthesis usually in autumn month.
Leucoplasts – These are the non-pigmented organelles which are colorless. They are usually found in most of the non-photosynthetic parts of the plant like roots. They acts as a storage sheds for starches, lipids, and proteins depending on the needs of plant. They are mostly used for converting amino acids and fatty acids.
Leucoplasts are of three types:
Amyloplasts – Amyloplasts are greatest among all three – Amyloplasts, proteinoplasts and elaioplasts and are easily charged with storing starch.
Proteinoplasts – Proteinoplasts helps in storing the proteins that a plant needs and can be typically found in seeds.
Elaioplasts -Elaioplasts helps in storing fats and oils that are needed by the plant.
Inheritance of plastids
There are many plants which are inherited from the plastids from just single parent. Angiosperm inherits plastids from the female gamete while there are many gymnosperms who will inherit plastids from the male pollen. Algae inherit plastids from one parent only. The inheritance of the plastid DNA seems to be 100% uniparental. In hybridisation, the inheritance of plastid seems to be more erratic.
1.Mitochondria are the powerhouse of cells.
2.Their whole purpose is to break down the molecules in ATP (cell food) so the cell can have the energy it needs to live Mitochondria.
3.Its length is 3 to 4 micrometer & its diameter is 0.5 to 1 micrometer.
4.Most of the cellular respiration takes place in mitochondria.
5.Mitochondria have tow membrane are as follows:
(i)Outer Membrane
(ii)Inner Membrane
The outer membrane & inner membrane is protect from Lipoprotein.
There is a space between the inner membrane & outer membranew called, not surprisingly, inter membrane space.
(i)Outer Membrane:
a. The outer membrane covers the mitochondria.
b.The outer membrane of cell are semipermeable or smooth which means that material can enter and leave the cell.
(ii)Inner Membrane:
a.The inner membrane of mitochondria are infolding or fingre like folding.These folds are called Cristae.
b.The electron transport system is a series of protien imbedded on the cristae of mitochondria.
6.Cristae:
a.These cristae are important because they make more surface area where chemical reaction can take space.
b.The molecules & some of the enzymes responsible for making ATP are located in & on the folds of these inner membrane.
7.Matrix:
a.The area inside the cristae is called the matrix.
b.The matrix is a fluid that has water & proteins (enzymes) all mixed together here's where the rest of the enzymes that make ATP come from.
c. The Krebs cycle occurs in the matrix while electron takes place on the cristae.
Plastids are double-membrane organelle which are found in the cells of plants and algae. Plastids are responsible for manufacturing and storing of food. These often contains pigments that are used in photosynthesis and different types of pigments that can change the color of the cell.
Common Plastids –
Chloroplasts
Chromoplasts
Gerontoplasts
Leucoplasts
Types of PlastidsChloroplasts– Chloroplasts are the most known plastids which are responsible for photosynthesis. These are covered with thylakoids where the process of photosynthesis occurs.
Chromoplasts– is a name given to an area for all the pigments to be kept and synthesized in the plant. These can be usually found in flowering plants, aging leaves and fruits. Chloroplasts convert into chromoplasts. Chromoplasts are carotenoid pigments that allow different colors that you see in leaves and fruits. The main reason for its structure and the color for attracting pollinators.
Gerontoplasts – These are basically chloroplasts that goes with the aging process. Geronoplasts refers to the chloroplasts of the leaves that helps the beginning to convert into different other organelles when the leaf is no longer using photosynthesis usually in autumn month.
Leucoplasts – These are the non-pigmented organelles which are colorless. They are usually found in most of the non-photosynthetic parts of the plant like roots. They acts as a storage sheds for starches, lipids, and proteins depending on the needs of plant. They are mostly used for converting amino acids and fatty acids.
Leucoplasts are of three types:
Amyloplasts – Amyloplasts are greatest among all three – Amyloplasts, proteinoplasts and elaioplasts and are easily charged with storing starch.
Proteinoplasts – Proteinoplasts helps in storing the proteins that a plant needs and can be typically found in seeds.
Elaioplasts -Elaioplasts helps in storing fats and oils that are needed by the plant.
Inheritance of plastids
There are many plants which are inherited from the plastids from just single parent. Angiosperm inherits plastids from the female gamete while there are many gymnosperms who will inherit plastids from the male pollen. Algae inherit plastids from one parent only. The inheritance of the plastid DNA seems to be 100% uniparental. In hybridisation, the inheritance of plastid seems to be more erratic.
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