Write notes on EL-Nino Effect.
Answers
In South America, there is a drastic increase in the risk of flooding on the western coast, while there is an increase in the risk of droughts on parts of the eastern coast.
In eastern countries, like India and Indonesia, there is an increase in droughts.
In general, El Niño causes vast amounts of rainfall in the eastern parts of the Pacific (the western coast of South America), and very dry weather on the western parts (India, Indonesia).
With all the extra heat at the surface of the Pacific Ocean, energy is released into the atmosphere, causing an overall warming of the global climate temporarily. Years in which El Niño occurs tend to feature higher temperatures across the globe.
The effects of El Niño on the weather peak in December and can last for several months after that.
After El Niño, the trade and easterly winds often fall back into their normal, self-perpetuating cycle. However, on some occasions the effect is reversed in a process called La Niña. During La Niña, the trade winds are strengthened, causing the normal cycle to be more dramatic and having the reverse effect of El Niño.
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