Question

write notes on i. threats to biodiversity.
ii. Host spots of biodiversity.​

Answer 1

1);:;:HOST SPOTS OF BIODIVERSITY

:;:;:;A Biodiversity Hotspot is a region with a significant reservoir of plants, animals, and other life that is under threat from humans. These areas are with very high levels of species richness and high degree of endemism (that is, species confined to that region and not found anywhere else.

Around the world, 35 areas qualify as hotspots. Three of these hotspots – Western Ghats and Sri Lanka, Indo-Burma and Himalaya – cover our country’s exceptionally high biodiversity regions. Although all the biodiversity hotspots put together cover less than 2 percent of the earth’s land area, the number of species they collectively harbour is extremely high and strict protection of these hotspots could reduce the ongoing mass extinctions

Explanation:

2)THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY

:;:;:Desertification: Desertification and deforestation are the main causes of biodiversity loss. ... The direct cost of deforestation is reflected in the loss of valuable plants and animal species. Desertification process is the result of poor land management which can be aggravated by climatic variations.

Answer 2

Explanation:

Following are the threats to biodiversity :

• Habitat Fragmentation- Habitat loss from exploitation of resources, agricultural conversion, and urbanization is the largest factor contributing to the loss of biodiversity.
• Exotic Species Introductions - Infestation by alien species, such as the Codling Moth, is also a major threat to ecosystems.
• Pollution - Atmospheric and hydrologic pollution have far-reaching negative effects on biodiversity. Pollution from burning fossil fuels such as oil, coal and gas can remain in the air as particle pollutants or fall to the ground as acid rain.
• Global Climate Change - Carbon dioxide released from burning fossil fuels and biomass, deforestation, and agricultural practices contributes to greenhouse gases, which prevent heat from escaping the earth’s surface.

BIODIVERSITY HOT SPOTS

Hotspots of biodiversity refer to bio-geographic regions where significant levels of biodiversity with richness and unusual concentration of endemic species are found, however, they are threatened with mindless exploitation and destruction.

Around the world, 35 areas qualify as hotspots. Three of these hotspots – Western Ghats and Sri Lanka, Indo-Burma and Himalaya – cover our country’s exceptionally high biodiversity regions.

Across the world, about 35 areas are marked as hotspots of biodiversity and they represent 2.3 percent of the Earth’s land surface but they support more than half of the world’s endemic plant species and almost half of birds, mammals, reptiles, and amphibians as endemic.

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