Question

Write notes on Indehiscent dry fruit

Answer 1

Fruits having a hard texture are called as dry fruits.  

They are classified into dehiscent and Indehiscent dry fruits.  

Indehiscent dry fruits are those fruits that do not open when becoming ripe, leaving their seeds inside them.  

We have several types of this kind of fruits, but the most important are Achene, caryopsis, samara, and nuts.

Answer 2

$\sf{\underline{\underline{Dry\:indehiscent\:fruit}}}$:

They do not split or burst. Seeds are liberated only by the decomposition or destruction of pericarp.


$\sf{\underline{\underline{Types\:of\:dry\:indehiscent\:fruit}}}$:

$\implies$ $\text{Caryopsis}$

$\implies$ $\text{Achene}$

$\implies$ $\text{Cypsela}$

$\implies$ $\text{Nut}$


(i) $\sf{\underline{\underline{Caryopsis}}}$:

Develops from monocarpellary, unilocular ovary. Fruit wall or pericarp is completely fused with seed coat.

$\text{\underline {Example}}$: Wheat, maize, rice.


(ii) $\sf{\underline{\underline{Achene}}}$:

It develops from monocarpellary, unilocular ovary. Fruit wall is not completely attached with seed coat.

$\text{\underline{Example}}$: Mirabilis.


(iii) $\sf{\underline{\underline{Cypsela}}}$:

Develops from bicarpellary, unilocular and interior ovary. Calyx is hair like and called pappus which helps in dispersal of fruits.

$\text{\underline{Example}}$: Sunflower, Sonchus, Zinnia.


(iv) $\sf{\underline{\underline{Nut}}}$:

Develops from polycarpellary superior ovary. Pericarp is hard and sometimes woody.

$\text{\underline{Example}}$: Litchi, Trapa, Quercus.