Write on based on these points
*Pollution: Types, Effects and Preventive measures*
• Air pollution
• Water pollution (freshwater and marine)
• Soil pollution
• Radiation pollution
• Noise pollution
Answers
Answer:
AIR POLLUTION
Types
Nitrogen dioxide.
Ozone.
Sulphur dioxide
Effects
1 Global Warming.
2 Climate Change.
3 Acid Rain.
4 Smog effect.
5 Deterioration of fields.
6 Extinction of animal species.
7 Respiratory health problems.
8 Deterioration in building materials
Preventive Measures
Using public transports.
Turn off the lights when not in use.
Recycle and Reuse.
No to plastic bags.
Reduction of forest fires and smoking.
Use of fans instead of Air Conditioner.
Use filters for chimneys.
Avoid usage of crackers.
WATER POLLUTION
Types
Groundwater pollution.
Microbiological pollution
Nutrient pollution.
Oxygen-depletion pollution.
Surface water pollution
Effects
The effect of water pollution depends upon the type of pollutants and its concentration. Also, the location of water bodies is an important factor to determine the levels of pollution.
Water bodies in the vicinity of urban areas are extremely polluted. This is the result of dumping garbage and toxic chemicals by industrial and commercial establishments.
Water pollution drastically affects aquatic life. It affects their metabolism, behaviour, causes illness and eventual death. Dioxin is a chemical that causes a lot of problems from reproduction to uncontrolled cell growth or cancer. This chemical is bioaccumulated in fish, chicken and meat. Chemicals such as this travel up the food chain before entering the human body.
The effect of water pollution can have a huge impact on the food chain. It disrupts the food-chain. Cadmium and lead are some toxic substances, these pollutants upon entering the food chain through animals (fish when consumed by animals, humans) can continue to disrupt at higher levels.
Humans are affected by pollution and can contract diseases such as hepatitis through faecal matter in water sources. Poor drinking water treatment and unfit water can always cause an outbreak of infectious diseases such as cholera, etc.
The ecosystem can be critically affected, modified and destructured because of water pollution.
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Preventive measures
Pick up litter and throw it away in a garbage can.
Blow or sweep fertilizer back onto the grass if it gets onto paved areas. Don't put fertilizer on the grass right before it rains. The chemicals will wash into storm drains and waterways.
Mulch or compost grass or yard waste. Or, leave it in your yard if you can't compost. Don't blow leaves into the street. This clogs and damages storm drains.
Wash your car or outdoor equipment where it can flow to a gravel or grassed area instead of a street.
Don't pour your motor oil down the storm drain. Take it to the nearest auto parts store. This is free!
Never clean up a spill by hosing it into a storm drain. Use dry methods like placing kitty litter, sand, or another absorbent on the spill. Once the liquid becomes solid - sweep it up and throw it in a garbage can.
SOIL POLLUTION
Types
Biological Agents. Biological agents work inside the soil to introduce manures and digested sludge (coming from the human, bird and animal excreta) into the soil.
Agricultural Practices.
Radioactive Pollutants.
Urban Waste.
Industrial Waste.
Effects
Impacts of soil pollution are not confined to soil and its biota but are carried over to every aspect of the environment
and affect every organism from the earthworm to humans. Some of the adverse effects are as follows:
Human health
Since we are dependent on the land for our food, pollution from the soil is transferred to us in this manner. Bio
accumulation of toxins occurs in our bodies, causing chronic poisoning, and leading to various diseases. Reproductive
health, birth and developmental defects, neurologic effects, malnutrition, and mutations in the cells of the body leading
to cancers; all these are on the increase today.
Growth of plants
Plants will not be able to adapt to sudden changes occurring in the soil. Fungi and bacteria found in the soils cannot
bind the soil due to chemical changes and this causes soil erosion. Large tracts of land become barren; unable to
support any life on it. Even the plants that do grow on these lands will absorb the toxins and transfer to the food chain.
Preventive measures
Get a better understanding of the soil environment quality baseline
Develop necessary legislation on soil pollution control
Proper management of agricultural land and the practice of organic farming
Proper Solid Waste Treatment
Ensure proper investigation of reclaimed land
RADIATION POLLUTION
Types
ACCIDENTAL POLLUTION
OCCASIONAL POLLUTION
CONTINUOUS POLLUTION
Effects
Genetic Mutations
Diseases
Soil Infertility
Cell Destruction
Burns
Effects on Wildlife
Effects on Wildlife
Effects on Marine life