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Hydrogen chloride, (HCl), a compound of the elements hydrogen and chlorine, a gas at room temperature and pressure. A solution of the gas in water is called hydrochloric acid.Hydrogen chloride may be formed by the direct combination of chlorine (Cl2) gas and hydrogen (H2) gas; the reaction is rapid at temperatures above 250° C (482° F). The reaction, represented by the equation H2 + Cl2 → 2HCl, is accompanied by evolution of heat and appears to be accelerated by moisture. Hydrogen chloride is commonly prepared both on a laboratory and on an industrial scale by the reaction of a chloride, generally that of sodium (NaCl), with sulfuric acid (H2SO4). It is also produced by the reaction of some chlorides (e.g., phosphorus trichloride, PCl3, or thionyl chloride, SOCl2) with water and as a by-product of the chlorination of many organic substances (e.g., methane, benzene).
Hydrochloric acid is prepared by dissolving gaseous hydrogen chloride in water. Because of the corrosive nature of the acid, ceramic, glass, or sometimes tantalum apparatus is commonly used. Hydrochloric acid is usually marketed as a solution containing 28–35 percent by weight hydrogen chloride, commonly known as concentrated hydrochloric acid. Anhydrous liquid hydrogen chloride is available, but because heavy and expensive containers are required to store it, the use of hydrogen chloride in this form is limited.Hydrogen chloride is a colourless gas of strong odour; it condenses at -85° C (-121° F) and freezes at -114° C (-173° F). The gas is very soluble in water: at 20° C (68° F) water will dissolve 477 times its own volume of hydrogen chloride. Because of its great solubility, the gas fumes in moist air. A water solution containing 20.24 percent by weight hydrogen chloride boils at 110° C (230° F) without change in composition (azeotropic mixture). In aqueous solution the compound is extensively dissociated into a hydronium ion (H3O+) and chloride ion (Cl-); in dilute solutions the dissociation is essentially complete. Thus, hydrochloric acid is a strong acid.
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Hydrogen chloride, (HCl), a compound of the elements hydrogen and chlorine, a gas at room temperature and pressure. A solution of the gas in water is called hydrochloric acid.Hydrogen chloride may be formed by the direct combination of chlorine (Cl2) gas and hydrogen (H2) gas; the reaction is rapid at temperatures above 250° C (482° F). The reaction, represented by the equation H2 + Cl2 → 2HCl, is accompanied by evolution of heat and appears to be accelerated by moisture. Hydrogen chloride is commonly prepared both on a laboratory and on an industrial scale by the reaction of a chloride, generally that of sodium (NaCl), with sulfuric acid (H2SO4). It is also produced by the reaction of some chlorides (e.g., phosphorus trichloride, PCl3, or thionyl chloride, SOCl2) with water and as a by-product of the chlorination of many organic substances (e.g., methane, benzene).
Hydrochloric acid is prepared by dissolving gaseous hydrogen chloride in water. Because of the corrosive nature of the acid, ceramic, glass, or sometimes tantalum apparatus is commonly used. Hydrochloric acid is usually marketed as a solution containing 28–35 percent by weight hydrogen chloride, commonly known as concentrated hydrochloric acid. Anhydrous liquid hydrogen chloride is available, but because heavy and expensive containers are required to store it, the use of hydrogen chloride in this form is limited.Hydrogen chloride is a colourless gas of strong odour; it condenses at -85° C (-121° F) and freezes at -114° C (-173° F). The gas is very soluble in water: at 20° C (68° F) water will dissolve 477 times its own volume of hydrogen chloride. Because of its great solubility, the gas fumes in moist air. A water solution containing 20.24 percent by weight hydrogen chloride boils at 110° C (230° F) without change in composition (azeotropic mixture). In aqueous solution the compound is extensively dissociated into a hydronium ion (H3O+) and chloride ion (Cl-); in dilute solutions the dissociation is essentially complete. Thus, hydrochloric acid is a strong acid.
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