write passage on cyclone yaas
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Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Yaas (Arabic pronunciation: [jaʔas][a]) was a relatively strong and very damaging tropical cyclone that made landfall in Odisha and brought significant impacts to West Bengal during late May 2021. The second cyclonic storm, second severe cyclonic storm, and second very severe cyclonic storm of the 2021 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Yaas formed from a tropical disturbance that the Indian Meteorological Department first monitored on May 23. Conditions in the basin favored development as the system became a deep depression later that day, before intensifying into a cyclonic storm on the next day, receiving the name Yaas. The system further intensified as it turned to the northeast, becoming a severe cyclonic storm on May 24 despite moderate wind shear. Marginally favorable conditions further continued as Yaas accelerated northeastward, strengthening to a Category 1-equivalent tropical cyclone and to a very severe cyclonic storm on May 25. Yaas crossed the northern Odisha coast around 20 km south of Balasore at its peak intensity as a very severe cyclonic storm on May 26. Upon landfall, the JTWC and IMD issued their final advisories as Yaas further weakened inland while turning north-northwestwards.
In preparations for the storm, many electrical companies in West Bengal and Odisha prepared additional generators and transformers for possible electrical problems. Evacuations were also ordered, starting on May 24 on low-lying areas in East Midnapore and West Midnapore and Jhargram. Hooghly, Kolkata and North 24 Parganas and South 24 Parganas are now placed on high alert.[3] Railway operations and marine activities were halted due to Yaas, while rescue authorities and medical teams were deployed in for possible emergencies. In Bangladesh, over two million individuals were ordered to be evacuated in coastal areas of the country due to the storm's approach. Food supplies and emergency funds were also released for the evacuees. 20 people across India and Bangladesh died due to Yaas.[4] The total damages in West Bengal, the most heavily impacted Indian state from Yaas, were estimated to be around ₹20 thousand crore (US$2.76 billion).[5] The cyclone also caused an estimated ₹610 crore (US$83.63 million) in damage in Odisha.[6]
On May 22, a low-pressure area formed in the Bay of Bengal. On the next day, at 09:30 UTC, the disturbance intensified into a depression and was assigned the designation BOB 02 by the India Meteorological Department (IMD).[7] Meanwhile, the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert at 15:00 UTC on May 22 on the developing system.[8] The system subsequently intensified into a deep depression at 15:00 UTC on May 23.[9] On the following day, at 02:30 UTC, the system further intensified into a cyclonic storm and was given the name Yaas by the IMD.[10] At that time, the low-level circulation center of the system became partially-exposed, due to moderate wind shear; however, large masses of rainbands persisted in the southern portion of the storm as it remained in a marginally favorable environment for intensification, with warm sea surface temperatures and good outflow but moderate wind shear.[11][12] The IMD further upgraded Yaas to a severe cyclonic storm at 18:00 UTC that day as the system became more organized.[13] A subtropical ridge turned the system northeast into an area of low wind shear, causing Yaas to gradually strengthen.[12] At 12:00 UTC on May 25, the JTWC upgraded the storm to a Category 1 system as the system further organized.[14] Despite Yaas being negatively affected after making landfall, combined with the weakening effects of moderate wind shear and poor outflow, it intensified further to a very severe cyclonic storm at 15:00 UTC on May 25 as it featured a profound convection.[15] The storm subsequently reached its peak intensity of 140 km/h (85 mph) in three-minute sustained wind speeds, according to the IMD; the JTWC had slightly lower estimates of 120 km/h (75 mph) on the system.[15][16] Around 09:00 IST (03:30 UTC) on May 26, Yaas made landfall north of Dhamra Port and south of Bahanaga at the same intensity.[17] Upon moving inland, the JTWC issued their final warning on the storm as it weakened to a tropical storm since it was over land and also faced increased vertical shear.[18] Soon afterward, the IMD also discontinued advisories as the system became disorganized and as it weakened to a deep depression.[19] Yaas eventually dissipated in northern India on May 28.