Write principle
to utilize tidal energy to produce
electricity
Answers
Basic principle of tidal power plant A dam is constructed in such a way that a basin gets separated from the sea and a difference in the water level is obtained between the basin and sea. The constructed basin is filled during high tide and emptied during low tide passing through sluices and turbine respectively....
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Answer:
Energy can be extracted from the tides which are formed due to the gravitational effect of the sun and moon on the Earth. This gravitational force causes a periodic rise and fall of the water level of sea which can be used to produce electric power. Such type of energy is known as tidal energy.
India has a potential of tidal energy with capacity of 9000 MW. In this, 8000 MW power can be produced in Gulf of Cambay and Gulf of Kutch alone.
The Central Electricity Authority (CEA) is the nodal agency for setting up tidal energy projects.
Tidal Energy Conversion System
During the high tide, the height of the tide is above that of tidal basin and the turbine unit operates and generates power. During low tides, the height of tide is lower than that of the tidal basin and water is allowed to flow out to drive or propel the turbine unit.
Hydraulic turbine and generator are coupled to generate electricity. The tidal power plant requires a great tidal range and a suitable bay where a dam can be construct which will store water and release it during low tides to run a turbine.
Advantages of Tidal Energy
Tidal energy is a pollution free source of energy, as it does not use any fuel and also does not produce any unhealthy waste.
Tidal power plants do not require large areas of valuable land, as they are on the bay or estuaries.
Besides, being inexhaustible, it is completely independent of the uncertainty of the precipitation (rainfall, etc.). Even if there is a continuous dry spell for many years, there will be no effect whatsoever on tidal power generation.
It is available all round the year.
Limitations of Tidal Energy
Tidal power schemes require low-head turbines, which are larger and more expensive than high-head turbines of similar power production.
Since the tidal ranges are highly variable, therefore the turbines have to work on a wide range of head variation.
Tidal power plants hamper other natural uses of estuaries such as fishing, migration of marine organisms Or navigation.
Low power production.
Complex design system.
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversions (OTEC)
Ocean thermal energy conversions make use of the temperature difference between the surface water of the oceans and the depth of the oceans.
A huge amount of solar energy is stored by the tropical oceans, which is used to generate electricity.
The ocean thermal energy can be harnessed in tropical oceans where the temperature gradient is the highest around 28°C on top and about 5°C at the depth of 1000 meters.
In the oceans, the temperature difference between surface and deep water is highest in the tropics with 20 to 25°C.
Some of the best sites for OTEC are situated along the coast of Tamil Nadu, Lakshadweep, Andaman and Nicobar.
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) System
Principle of Working
The operation of OTEC plant is based upon thermodynamic principle in which if a heat source is available at a higher temperature and a heat sink at a lower temperature then the temperature difference can be utilized to run a prime mover (e.g., turbine), which can convert part of the heat taken from source into mechanical energy. The residual heat is discharge to the sink at lower temperature.
Advantages of OTEC
The advantage of OTEC is that power is continuous, renewable and pollution-free.
A floating OTEC plant can generate power even at mid sea and can be used to provide power for operations like offshore mining and processing of manganese nodules.