write principles of arrhenius theory?
Answers
Explanation:
Acid: Acid are those substances which release H+ ions when dissolved in water.
Base: Bases are those substances which release OH− ions when dissolved in water.
The Arrhenius theory was first introduced by the Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius in the year 1887. To conduct electricity, one must have free moving ions. Svante Arrhenius noticed that the solution of acid conducts electricity by dissolving the substance in the solution, which dissociates into ions. This concept is well-known these days, but during that time it was controversial. This theory is known as “Electrolytic dissociation.”
Water is a neutral substance, which does not conduct electricity. By dissolving some substance in water, it conducts electricity. These substances are called electrolytes and the process is known as “Electrolytic dissociation.”
Arrhenius acid in the aqueous solution increases the concentration of protons or H+ ions. For example, hydrochloric acid in the water. HCl undergoes dissociation reaction to produce H+ ion and Cl– ion, as explained below. The concentration of the H+ ions is increased by forming hydronium ion.
An Arrhenius base is a substrate that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions in the aqueous solution. The example for Arrhenius base is highly soluble sodium hydroxide compound in water, which dissociates to give sodium ion and hydroxide ion.
In aqueous solution, NaOH completely dissolves to give hydroxide ion and sodium ion, to increase the concentration of hydroxide ions.
Limitations of Arrhenius theory
The Arrhenius theory is applicable only in aqueous solution; for example, according to the theory, HCl is an acid in the aqueous solution but not in benzene, even though it donates H+ ion to the benzene. Also, under Arrhenius’s definition, the solution of sodium amide in liquid ammonia is not alkaline, even though amide ion deprotonates the ammonia.
I hope you understand.
