write reaction of phenol with bromine in water
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If bromine water is added to a solution of phenol in water, the bromine water is decolorized and a white precipitate is formed which smells of antiseptic. The precipitate is 2,4,6-tribromophenol. Notice the multiple substitution around the ring - into all the activated positions.
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Phenol when treated with Br 2 water give polybromoderivative in which all H- atoms at ortho and para positions with respect to −OH group are replace by Cr atoms.
It is so because in cequeous medium, phenol iouizes to form pheroxide ion.
Due to presence of negative charge, the oxygen of pheroxide ion donates e − s to benzene erring to large extent. As a result, the ring gets highly activated and tribubstitution occurs. On the other hand, in non-polar solvents, the ionization of phenol is greatly supressed.
As a result, oxygen of −OH group donates e − s to benzene ring to a small extent only which results in slight activation of ring and monosubstitution occurs. Furthur, due to steric hindrance at ortho position, para substitution products usually predominates.
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