write S.A. about how was India before british rule?.I will mark u as brainlist.
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British controlled India for a period of over one hundred years. British Acquired Empire gradually piece by piece because of the conditions that were present in India before the arrival of British, weak central political power, competitions with European rivals, Military forces, and Mughal negligence were the major reasons that led to the colonization.
Condition Of India Before Arrival Of British
The British had no political power in India before entering in India but it was a gradual process that took more than two hundred years to produce British political power in India. The colonization of India was caused due to the conditions existed before arrival of British. British just took advantage of these conditions. As British started to enter India, Mughal empire started to decline. This decline, due to the internal problems, led to increase regional powers. There was lack of centralized power that led British face less resistance and They quickly managed to gain power in subcontinent.
How And Why Mughal Empire decline
The Mughals came to India from central Asia and they are related to Mongols. Mongols in thirteen century conquered major part of Asia. Mughal established their empire in subcontinent under Timurid Prince Babar in 1526. The Mughal empire was one of the greatest Muslim empire of that period. Until the end of seventeenth century Mughal empire was considered as one of the most powerful one. In the year 1707, when the empire Aurangzeb died, the empire was at its largest size. In this year the empire began to decline.
Aurangzeb fought many battles against the last remaining independent kingdoms to put down resisting provinces, but in these series of battles the empire went out of finances. And the empire was also facing the number of tensions from the nobles over the appointment of jagirs. But the primary cause of the empire decline was the shift of power from a centralized imperial authority to a decentralized local rule of various principalities. This decentralization began due to the clashes between old military elite rank-holders also called as “Mansabadars” and local “Zamindars”. To keep check on the power of mansabadar, Mughal Empire provided more opportunities for tax collection and to participate in government bureaucracy to the local Zamindars. This led to the rise of number of conflicts between the two groups which played part in decentralization of power. These conflicts rise to great extend so that the central government was not able to react effectively so, the empire gave regional Governors more power and control in order to maintain the situation. Because the Imperial government was unable to respond to the problems of the regional territories, elites or former regional bureaucrats were forced to establish independent rule and thus broke away from the empire.
One example of destabilizing revolt is the revolt of Shivaji. Shivaji was a warlord which led his armies to grab the major part of Surat. Shivaji revolt shattered the empire’s authority which result in more troubles for empire.
The East India Company began to push political power to the subcontinent and they came to know that the central control is missing which can resist the British advances. The also encountered several independent states the could be played against each other to prevent a large part of India working together in order to retaliate effectively.
India And The Foreign Powers
British faced tough competition with other European nations that wanted to benefit themselves from trade with India. Also the East India Company not entered to exert any political control in the subcontinent, but The Company was more concerned with turning a profit and thus pursued policies that maximized these earnings. Facing a tough competition with European countries British realized that by establishing political control in India they can have full benefit of trade with India and also they can keep other countries from trade.
In sixteenth century Portuguese managed to dominate trade in Indian Ocean and after their decline in trade in late seventeenth century British still faced competition from Dutch and French.
In reaction the East India Company tried to obtain a political control so that the Indian merchants could have power to decide to whom they will sell their goods. In 1765, The East India Company received the right of “Diwani” in Bengal, they were able to control the trade, and they prevent textile owner to sell their goods to Dutch and French. Dutch never tried to establish these controls but French did.
Condition Of India Before Arrival Of British
The British had no political power in India before entering in India but it was a gradual process that took more than two hundred years to produce British political power in India. The colonization of India was caused due to the conditions existed before arrival of British. British just took advantage of these conditions. As British started to enter India, Mughal empire started to decline. This decline, due to the internal problems, led to increase regional powers. There was lack of centralized power that led British face less resistance and They quickly managed to gain power in subcontinent.
How And Why Mughal Empire decline
The Mughals came to India from central Asia and they are related to Mongols. Mongols in thirteen century conquered major part of Asia. Mughal established their empire in subcontinent under Timurid Prince Babar in 1526. The Mughal empire was one of the greatest Muslim empire of that period. Until the end of seventeenth century Mughal empire was considered as one of the most powerful one. In the year 1707, when the empire Aurangzeb died, the empire was at its largest size. In this year the empire began to decline.
Aurangzeb fought many battles against the last remaining independent kingdoms to put down resisting provinces, but in these series of battles the empire went out of finances. And the empire was also facing the number of tensions from the nobles over the appointment of jagirs. But the primary cause of the empire decline was the shift of power from a centralized imperial authority to a decentralized local rule of various principalities. This decentralization began due to the clashes between old military elite rank-holders also called as “Mansabadars” and local “Zamindars”. To keep check on the power of mansabadar, Mughal Empire provided more opportunities for tax collection and to participate in government bureaucracy to the local Zamindars. This led to the rise of number of conflicts between the two groups which played part in decentralization of power. These conflicts rise to great extend so that the central government was not able to react effectively so, the empire gave regional Governors more power and control in order to maintain the situation. Because the Imperial government was unable to respond to the problems of the regional territories, elites or former regional bureaucrats were forced to establish independent rule and thus broke away from the empire.
One example of destabilizing revolt is the revolt of Shivaji. Shivaji was a warlord which led his armies to grab the major part of Surat. Shivaji revolt shattered the empire’s authority which result in more troubles for empire.
The East India Company began to push political power to the subcontinent and they came to know that the central control is missing which can resist the British advances. The also encountered several independent states the could be played against each other to prevent a large part of India working together in order to retaliate effectively.
India And The Foreign Powers
British faced tough competition with other European nations that wanted to benefit themselves from trade with India. Also the East India Company not entered to exert any political control in the subcontinent, but The Company was more concerned with turning a profit and thus pursued policies that maximized these earnings. Facing a tough competition with European countries British realized that by establishing political control in India they can have full benefit of trade with India and also they can keep other countries from trade.
In sixteenth century Portuguese managed to dominate trade in Indian Ocean and after their decline in trade in late seventeenth century British still faced competition from Dutch and French.
In reaction the East India Company tried to obtain a political control so that the Indian merchants could have power to decide to whom they will sell their goods. In 1765, The East India Company received the right of “Diwani” in Bengal, they were able to control the trade, and they prevent textile owner to sell their goods to Dutch and French. Dutch never tried to establish these controls but French did.
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