Question

Write short articles note on
Algal pigment
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Answer 1

Answer:

algae contain photosynthetic pigments. These are usually an integral part of the structure of the chloroplast lamellae, but sometimes, as in bluegreen algae, they are homogeneously distributed throughout that part of the protoplasm called the “chromatoplasm.” Pigments are molecules, which absorb light. The most efficient organic pigments have a molecular absorption which is one or two orders of magnitude greater than that of the inorganic pigments (such as cobalt blue, cinnabar, and chrome yellow), which are used as paints. Many pigments have a characteristic molecular structure of long carbon chains or closed rings linked by so-called “conjugated” double bonds. These bonds are particularly stable because they involve “resonance”, a situation where two or more molecular configurations can exist simultaneously. The chemical properties of the pigments determine the methods used to extract them. Phycobilins have no phytol chains and are covalently bound to water-soluble proteins. Therefore, they are easily extractable with pure water. Chlorophyll extractions require organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol or acetone. Most carotenoids are soluble in organic solvents such as petroleum, and they also dissolve in fats and oils.

Explanation:

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Answer 2

Answer:

Three major classes of photosynthetic pigments occur among the algae: chlorophylls, carotenoids (carotenes and xanthophylls) and phycobilins.

All photosynthetic organisms contain one or more organic pigments capable of absorbing visible radiation, which will initiate the photochemical reactions of photosynthesis. The three major classes of pigments found in plants and algae are the chlorophylls, the carotenoids and the phycobilins. Carotenoid and phycobilins are called accessory pigments since the quanta (packets of light) absorbed by these pigments can be transferred to chlorophyll.

The pigments are characteristic of certain algal groups as indicated below:

*Chlorophylls and carotenes are generally fat soluble molecules and can be extracted from thylakoid membranes with organic solvents such as acetone

*The phycobilins and peridinin, in contrast, are water soluble and can be extracted from algal tissues after the organic solvent extraction of chlorophyll in those tissues.

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