write short not on versatile nature of carbon
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Answer:
Carbon has two unique properties, i.e. tetravalency and catenation. Because of these properties carbon forms a large number of compounds. There are more than three million compounds of carbon known so far.
Catenation
The linkage of atoms of same elements to form longer chain is called the CATENATION.
Carbon has unique property to form bonds with other atoms of carbon forming a long chain. Because of the property of catenation, carbon forms straight chain, branched chain, cyclic rings. In addition to this carbon atoms can be linked by single, double or triple bonds.
Tetravalency of Carbon
Carbon has four electrons in its outermost orbit. This means carbon has four valence electrons. Because of this carbon is called tetravalent.
Because of four valency, carbon can form bond with four other carbon atoms or atoms of other monovalent elements.
Carbon forms covalent bonds, which are very strong. On the other hand atom of carbon has small size this makes compounds of carbon exceptionally stable.
Hydrocarbon
Hydrogen + Carbon = Hydrocarbon
Chemical compounds form entirely by the combination of only carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbons.
Hydrocarbons are of two types: Saturated hydrocarbons and Unsaturated hydrocarbons.
Saturated and Unsaturated Carbon Compounds
Saturated Carbon Compounds
Carbon compounds that have chain of carbon atoms linked together with single covalent bonds are called SATURATED CARBON COMPOUNDS.
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Hi Mate,
Organic compounds are made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and few other elements. However, the number of organic compounds is far bigger than inorganic compounds that do not form bonds.
The distinct nature of carbon atom and its capacity to form bonds with other atoms leads to such huge number of organic compounds.
The versatile nature of carbon can be best understood with its features such as, tetravalency and catenation.Carbon is a versatile element and is found in many different chemical compounds, including those found in space. Carbon is versatile because it can form single, double, and triple bonds. It can also form chains, branched chains, and rings when connected to other carbon atoms.
The two characteristic features seen in carbon, that is, tetravalency and catenation, put together give rise to a large number of compounds. Many have the same non-carbon atom or group of atoms attached to different carbon chains.
Catenation: The property of forming long chains by self-linking with other carbon atoms to form long chains, rings, double or triple bonds is called catenation.
Isomerism: Compounds with same molecular formula but different structural formula are called isomers. An isomerism commonly seen is due to difference in the arrangement of atoms or groups of atoms & is called structural isomerism. The 4 types of structural isomerism are:
Chain isomerism
Position
Functional
Metamerism
Tetravalency: Carbon has 4 electrons in its valence shell. Energy considerations do not allow it to gain or lose 4 electrons; therefore it forms covalent bonds with other elements to complete its octet. This accounts for its tetravalency and explains its ability to form a variety of compounds.
Hydrocarbons
XYHY−CH2
These are organic compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen and are represented by the general formula C x H y where x and y are whole numbers. Other organic compounds are derived from these parent compounds by replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms, e.g. the addition of one -CH₂ group can result in the formation of a new compound.
Homologous series of compounds is a family of carbon compounds which:
Have the same general formula.
Show a difference of 14 u in their molecular mass.
Show gradation in the physical properties.
Show similarity in the chemical properties.
Are characterised by the same functional group.
Differ from the previous member by a –CH₂ group.
Example, CH3OH, C2H5OH etc.
Rules to name carbon compounds:
Choose the longest unbranched carbon chain.
Determine the functional group present.
Number the carbon atoms such that the C atom to which the functional group is present gets the smallest number.
If the same substituent occurs more than once, the location of each point on which the substituent occurs is given & the number of times the substituent group is indicated by a prefix (di, tri, tetra etc.).
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