Question

write short note Mughal Empire ​

Answer 1

Answer:

The Mughal Empire or Mogul Empire, was an early-modern empire in South Asia. For some two centuries, the empire stretched from the outer fringes of the Indus basin in the west, northern Afghanistan in the northwest, and Kashmir in the north, to the highlands of present-day Assam and Bangladesh in the east, and the uplands of the Deccan plateau in South India.

The Mughal Empire was founded by Babur (reigned 1526–1530), a Central Asian ruler who was descended from the Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur (the founder of the Timurid Empire) on his father's side, and from Genghis Khan on his mother's side. Ousted from his ancestral domains in Central Asia, Babur turned to India to satisfy his ambitions.He established himself in Kabul and then pushed steadily southward into India from Afghanistan through the Khyber Pass.Babur's forces occupied much of northern India after his victory at Panipat in 1526.The preoccupation with wars and military campaigns, however, did not allow the new emperor to consolidate the gains he had made in India.

The instability of the empire became evident under his son, Humayun (reigned 1530–1556), who was forced into exile in Persia by rebels. The Sur Empire (1540–1555), founded by Sher Shah Suri (reigned 1540–1545), briefly interrupted Mughal rule.Humayun's exile in Persia established diplomatic ties between the Safavid and Mughal Courts, and led to increasing Persian cultural influence in the Mughal Empire.[citation needed] Humayun's triumphant return from Persia in 1555 restored Mughal rule, but he died in an accident the next year.

Answer 2

Answer:

the Mughals were descendants of the Turkic-Mongol conquerors Timur and Genghis khan. babur, the first of the mughal rulers ,became the ruler of Fargana in Central Asia when he was 12 years old (very young). Eager to create an empire rivalling that of Timur's, Babur first conquered Kabul         (1504 Ce) and then, lured by its riches, turned his attention towards India.

IMPORTANT POINTS-

1. the first battle of Panipat (1526 CE) marked the end of Delhi sultanate and the beginning of the Mughal empire.
2. the founder of the Mughal dynasty was Babur in India after a series of battles. He was followed by his son Humayun.
3. Sher Shah defeated Humayun to briefly interrupt Mughal rule in India.
4. Akbar, the greatest of the Mughal rulers, followed by a policy of religious tolerance and reformed the administrative system.
5. the Mughal empire continued to prosper and expand during the reigns of both Jahangir and his son shah Jahan.  
6. Aurangzeb was the last greatest ruler of the Mughal dynasty.
7. following the death of Aurangzeb, the Mughal empire declined due to the lack of strong and effective rulers.

DECLINE OF THE MUGHAL EMPEROR-

by the time Aurangzeb died in 1707 CE, the Mughal Empire had already started weakening. the next 100 years saw the steady decline of the Mughal empire. the reasons for this were:

1. the empire had become too large and unwieldy/ Administrating it was not easy.
2. the many wars Aurangzeb fought depleted the treasure. there was barely enough money to pay the soldiers. this impacted the efficiency of the army.
3.  the nobles in Delhi had become stronger during Aurangzeb's long absence from the capital. the later Mughal rulers were mere puppets in their hands.
4. the later Mughal rulers were weak and inefficient. taking advantage of this weakness, many provinces declared their independence.  

the last ruler of the Mughal emperor was Bahadur Shah Zafar.