Write short note on - (a) battle of plassey (b) doctrine of lapse
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The Battle of Plassey:
As a result of denial of trading rights, on 23rd June 1757, Battle of Plassey was fought and it was the first major victory of English in India.
Alivardi Khan died in 1756 and Sirajuddaulah became the Nawab of Bengal.
In 1757, Robert Clive led the Company’s army against Sirajuddaulah at Plassey.
Main reason for defeat of the Nawab was that the forces led by Mir Jafar, one of Sirajuddaulah’s commanders, betrayed sirajuddaula and never fought the battle.
Mir Jafar was promised by Clive to be made Nawab after crushing Sirajuddaulah.
As par the deal Mir Jafar became the nawab of Bengal after the defeat and death of Sirajuddaula. But he was the nominal head of Bengal and actual power remained in the hands of British.
Doctrine of Lapse:
Under the reign of Lord Dalhousie (1848-56), they adopted the policy of Lapse .
According to this policy, the rulers who does not have any legal heir could not pass on their property to the adopted son and it would be taken over by British.
Satara (1848), Sambhalpur (1850), Jhansi (1854) were annexed by this policy.