Question

write short note on Arrhenius theory.


please help: chemistry
full answer true​

Answer 1

Explanation:

The Arrhenius theory was first introduced by the Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius in the year 1887. To conduct electricity, one must have free moving ions. Svante Arrhenius noticed that the solution of acid conducts electricity by dissolving the substance in the solution, which dissociates into ions. This concept is well-known these days, but during that time it was controversial. This theory is known as “Electrolytic dissociation.”

Water is a neutral substance, which does not conduct electricity. By dissolving some substance in water, it conducts electricity. These substances are called electrolytes and the process is known as “Electrolytic dissociation.”

Arrhenius Theory of Acid and Base

According to Arrhenius theory, acid is a substance that gives H+ ion on dissolving in the aqueous solution. It increases the concentration of H+ ions in the solution. The base is a substance that ionizes OH– ion by dissolving in the aqueous solution. The concentration of OH- ions is high in the solution.

The general properties of acid and base

Acid Base

Acidic in nature Basic in nature

The concentration of H+ ion is high The concentration of OH– ion is high

Taste sour Taste bitter

Are red on blue litmus paper Are blue on red litmus paper

Have PH<7 Have PH>7

Common examples: Lemons, oranges, vinegar, urine, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid Common examples: Soap, toothpaste, bleach, cleaning agents, limewater, ammonia, water, sodium hydroxide

Arrhenius acids

Arrhenius Acid

Arrhenius acid in the aqueous solution increases the concentration of protons or H+ ions. For example, hydrochloric acid in the water. HCl undergoes dissociation reaction to produce H+ ion and Cl– ion, as explained below. The concentration of the H+ ions is increased by forming hydronium ion.

HCl (aq) → H+(aq) + Cl–(aq)

HCl (aq) + H2O(l) → H3O+(aq) + Cl–(aq)

Other examples of Arrhenius acids are listed below

NHO3(aq) + H2O(l) → H3O+(aq) + No3–

In this reaction, nitric acid dissolves in aqueous water to give hydrogen and nitrate ions.

Arrhenius Acids

Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

Nitric acid (HNO3)

Sulphuric acid (H2SO4)

Phosphoric acid (H3PO4)

Carbonic acid (H2CO3)

Acetic acid (CH3COOH)