write short note on Baise and chaubise states
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Baise Rajya (Nepali: बाइसे राज्यहरू, lit. 22 principalities) was a former group of 22 kingdoms of khas people . around the Karnali-Bheri river basin of (modern) Nepal.
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Baise Rajya (Nepali: बाइसे राज्यहरू, lit. '22 principalities') were sovereign and intermittently allied petty kingdoms on the Indian subcontinent, ruled by Khas from medieval India, located around the Karnali-Bheri river basin of modern-day Nepal. The Baise were annexed during the unification of Nepal from 1744 to 1810. The kingdom's founder Prithvi Narayan Shah (ruled 1743-1775) did not live to see this, but his son and grandson annexed the entire collection by the end of the 18th century.
The 22 principalities were Jumla, Doti, Jajarkot, Bajura, Gajur, Biskot, Malneta, Thalahara, Dailekh, Dullu, Duryal, Dang, Sallyana, Chilli, Phalawagh, Jehari, Darnar, Musikot, Atbis Gotam, Majal, Gurnakot, and Rukum. These Baise along with Chaubisi rajya states were ruled by Khas and several decentralized tribal polities.
Chaubisi Rajya (Nepali: चौबीसी राज्य, literally "24 principalities") were sovereign and intermittently allied petty kingdoms on the Indian subcontinent, ruled by Khass from medieval India, located around the Gandaki River Basin, a major Himalayan tributary of the Ganges.
The 24 principalities were:
Gorkha
Lamjung
Tanahun
Kaski
Nuwakot
Dhor
Satahun
Garahun
Rishing, Ghiring
Paiyun
Parbat
Galkot
Palpa
Gulmi
Argha
Khanchi
Musikot
Isma, Dhurkot
Galkot
Bhirkot
Piuthan
Butwal
Prithvi Narayan Shah ascended the throne of Gorkha Kingdom in 1743, then proceeded to build the Kingdom of Nepal. The Chaubisi were annexed during the unification of Nepal from 1744 to 1810. Prithvi Narayan Shah unified about half the 24 principalities, the entire Kathmandu Valley around the present-day Nepali capital Kathmandu and additional principalities further east before dying in 1775. Annexation of the rest of the 24 proceeded under his son Pratap Singh Shah (ruled 1775-77) and grandson Rana Bahadur Shah (ruled 1777-1799). The Shah dynasty was outmaneuvered by another Chaubisi family, the Rana dynasty or Kunwar family of Kaski and Lamjung, in 1846 and reduced to figureheads until 1953.
A parallel group of 22 small kingdoms, Baise Rajya (Nepali: बाइसे राज्य), existed to the west of the Gandaki Basin. These were also annexed by the Shah dynasty before 1799.