Question

Write short note on Communal tensions.

Answer 1

Communal violence is a form of violence that is perpetrated across ethnic or communal lines, the violent parties feel solidarity for their respective groups, and victims are chosen based upon group membership.[1] The term includes conflicts, riots and other forms of violence between communities of different religious faith or ethnic origins.[2]

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime includes any conflict and form of violence between communities of different religious group, different sects or tribes of same religious group, clans, ethnic origins or national origin as communal violence.[3]However, this excludes conflict between two individuals or two families.

Communal violence is found in Africa,[4][5] the Americas,[6][7] Asia,[8][9] Europe[10] and Australia.[11]

The term was constructed by the British colonial authorities as it wrestled to manage violence between religious, ethnic and disparate groups in its colonies, particularly Africa and South Asia, in early 20th century.[12][13][14]

Communal violence, in different parts of the world, is alternatively referred to as ethnic violence, non-State conflict, violent civil unrest, minorities unrest, mass racial violence, inter-communal violence and ethno-religious violence.[15]

Answer 2

Communal Tension is due to the violation between the resources, partitions, power which results in high expectations.

This is mainly due to the following :

1. Perceptions of the individuals.

2. Difference between the political parties.

3. Variations in caste, religion and customs.

4. Failure of the government system.

Example: Cross borders Factors(Communal problems between Punjab and Jammu and Kashmir)