write short note on Indo Afghanistan relations
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Answer:
1. India has sought to establish its presence in Afghanistan from the early days of its independence in 1947.
2. In 1950, Afghanistan and India signed a “Friendship Treaty.”
3. India had robust ties with Afghan King Zahir Shah’s regime.
4. Prior to the Soviet invasion in 1979, New Delhi had formalized agreements and protocols with various pro-Soviet regimes in Kabul.
5. While India’s role in Afghanistan was constrained during the anti-Soviet jihad, between 1979 and 1989, India expanded its development activities in Afghanistan, focusing upon industrial, irrigation, and hydroelectric projects.
6. After the Taliban consolidated their hold on Afghanistan in the mid-1990s, India struggled to maintain its presence and to support anti-Taliban forces.
7. However, Indian objectives in Afghanistan remained modest given the constrained environment. India aimed to undermine the ability of the Taliban to consolidate its power over Afghanistan, principally by supporting the Northern Alliance in tandem with other regional actors.
8. Working with Iran, Russia, and Tajikistan, India provided important resources to the Northern Alliance, the only meaningful challenge to the Taliban in Afghanistan.
9. Since 2001, India has relied upon development projects and other forms of humanitarian assistance.
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