write short note on socialism in Europe and the Russian revolution
Answers
In the nineteenth century, there were some political changes which mark the beginning of change. In this French revolution came into picture which dramatically changed the social structure. People start debating over French Revolution Structure in parts of Asia as well.
Liberals, Radicals, and Conservatives
There were three types of groups formed:
Liberals: They believed in a system which accepted all religions and not concentrates on a single religion. They were against dynasty rulers as well. They asked for one vote per property but did not include women in the same.
Radicals: They wanted a nation where the government should be elected by a majority of the population and some of them wanted women to participate in the same.
Conservatives: They were not ready for changes and wanted to discard the idea of changes. At one point they agreed to the upcoming changes but they wanted that at the same time the past should be respected.
Industrial Society and Social Change
There was a requirement of social and economic change and to make that happen Liberals and Radicals started a movement and became revolutionaries. They wanted to implement changes which included rights of individuals as the high class of society treated individuals as there property and they paid them less and made them work more. They also concentrated on the problem of Housing and Sanitation and planned to educate the individuals.
The Coming of Socialism to Europe
The Russian Revolution
Yet another vision was Socialism, in which they demanded that individuals who benefitted the property should be also helped by the profit maximization. Robert Owen (1771-1858), emphasized on bringing cooperative society into the picture.
Support for Socialism
In the 1870s socialist formed International body-Second International which set up funds for members in distress and demanded more wage and short working hours. In 1905 trade union was formed.
The Russian Revolution
At the beginning of the 20th Century, 85 % of the Russian population was involved in agriculture. Moscow and St Petersburg had Industrialization. There were craftsmen and industry. Government governed the big scale industry to keep a look on working hours and wages.
Socialism in Russia
Socialist society was formed on 1898 and was illegal as per government rules and they wanted that peasants should handle the lands instead of noble and that was not done as peasants were not uninformed some were poor and some rich.
A Turbulent Time: The 1905 Revolution
Russia was an autocratic nation. During this, the price of the goods increased and wages were decreased. Activistic party protested. Many industries were made illegal and operated illegally. Tsar leads to changes in the voting system and did not want his decision to get questioned.
The First World War and the Russian Empire
The Russian Revolution
In 1914, a 1st world war broke. War brought 7 million casualties, destroyed the crops and industry got affected on a large scale and even the railway lines were broken.
Question For You
Q1. The communist thinker Karl Marx belongs to …………. country.
Russia
France
Germany
Britain
Sol. The correct answer is the option ”c”. Karl Marx was born into a comfortable middle-class home in Trier on the river Moselle in Germany on May 5, 1818. Das Capital and Communist Manifesto are the world famous books written by him. He gave communist doctrines for establishing a society free from exploitation and inequalities
Socialism in Europe:
- The French Revolution brought in the view of deeper socialism in Europe. The people were divided into liberals who do not believe in one religion alone and accept every religion, radicals who needed the government to rule be selected by a majority of people in the country and conservatives who believed only on slow changes and considered past events.
- The former two groups wanted to change the socio-economic conditions turning themselves to revolutionaries.
Russian Revolution:
- The majority of people in Russia depended on agriculture rest were workers for industry.
- The government that governed them made to work heavily for long hours without hikes in wages.
- In addition, the prices of goods shot up and people were unable to strive with fewer wages. This led to an illegal socialist society and activist party to operate for betterment.