Question

Write short note on the achivements made by Hazrat Umar RA
in the field of state admisnistration during his caliphate.​

Answer 1

$\star\textbf{QUESTION}\star$

Write short note on the achivements made by Hazrat Umar RA

in the field of state admisnistration during his caliphate.​

$\star\textbf{ANSWER}\star$

Umar I, in full ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭtāb,(born c. 586, Mecca, Arabia [now in Saudi Arabia]—died November 3, 644, Medina, Arabia), the second Muslim caliph (from 634), under whom Arab armies conquered Mesopotamia and Syria and began the conquest of Iran and Egypt.

ʿUmar at first opposed Muhammad but, in about 615, became a Muslim. By 622, when he went to Medina with Muhammad and the other Meccan Muslims, he had become one of Muhammad’s chief advisers, closely associated with Abū Bakr. His position in the state was marked by Muhammad’s marriage to his daughter Ḥafṣah in 625.

ʿUmar was largely responsible for reconciling the Medinan Muslims to the acceptance of a Meccan, Abū Bakr, as head of state (caliph). Abū Bakr (reigned 632–634) relied greatly on ʿUmar and nominated him to succeed him. As caliph, ʿUmar was the first to call himself “commander of the faithful” (amīr al-muʾminīn). His reign saw the transformation of the Islamic state from an Arabian principality to a world power.

Umar closely controlled general policy and laid down the principles for administering the conquered lands. Umar established the dīwān (a register of warriors’ pensions that over time evolved into a powerful governmental body), inaugurated the Islamic Hijrī calendar, and created the office of the qadi (judge). He also established the garrison cities of Al-Fusṭāṭ in Egypt and Basra and Kūfah in Iraq.

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