Question

Write short notes.
1]Cryoptogoms
2] Thallophyta
3]Bryophyta
4) Pteridophyta​

Answer 1

1]Cryoptogoms

• A cryptogam is a plant that reproduces by spores, without flowers or seeds. "Cryptogamae" means hidden reproduction, referring to the fact that no seed is produced, thus cryptogams represent the non-seed bearing plants. Cryptogams are classified into 3 groups.

2] Thallophyta

• The thallophytes (Thallophyta or Thallobionta) are a polyphyletic group of non-mobile organisms traditionally described as "thalloid plants", "relatively simple plants" or "lower plants". These plants mainly grow in water. They were a defunct division of kingdom Plantae that included fungus, lichens and algae and occasionally bryophytes, bacteria and the Myxomycota. Thallophytes have a hidden reproductive system and hence they are also called Cryptogamae (together with ferns), as opposed to Phanerogamae. The thallophytes are defined as having undifferentiated bodies (thalli), as opposed to cormophytes (Cormophyta) with roots and stems.

3]Bryophyta

• bryophyte, such as mosses, liverworts, or hornworts, look for short, spongy plants growing along the rocks, soil, and trees in a damp freshwater environment.
• Bryophytes are non-vascular plants, which means they do not have specialized tissues to move water and materials within the plant

Pteridophyta​

• Pteridophytes (ferns and lycophytes) are free-sporing vascular plants that have a life cycle with alternating, free-living gametophyte and sporophyte phases that are independent at maturity.
• The body of the sporophyte is well differentiated into roots, stem and leaves
• The stem is either underground or aerial.