Write short notes on any two of the following:
i) Hero-stones
ii) Fabrication of Genealogies in the Deccan in the 8-13 centuries
iii) Alauddin Khalji’s market control measures
iv) Origin and growth of Urdu language
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
for the answer
i) Hero-stones
=>A herostone (Naṭukal in Tamil, Virakallu in Kannada)is a memorial commemorating the honorable death of a hero in battle. Erected between the 6th century BC and the 18th century AD, hero stones are found all over India. They often carry inscriptions displaying a variety of adornments, including bas relief panels, frieze, and figures on carved stone.Usually they are in the form of a stone monument and may have an inscription at the bottom with a narrative of the battle. The Earliest and oldest of such memorial Hero stones is found in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu is more than 2400 years old that is 4th Century BC.According to the historian Upinder Singh, the largest concentration of such memorial stones is found in the Indian state of Karnataka. About two thousand six hundred and fifty hero stones, the earliest in Karnataka is dated to the 5th century AD. The custom of erecting memorial stones dates back to the Iron Age (400 BC) though a vast majority were erected between the 4th century BC to 13th centuries AD.
iii) Alauddin Khalji’s market control measures
=>The most prominent improvement in economic reforms by Alauddin Khilji was his market control policy. Barni has mentioned this in his book Tarikhe Firozshahi.
After sitting on the throne, Alauddin’s desire was to win the whole India. It required a large army. Morland has speculated that if he organized the army even on the normal salary, the money would end in only five years. Therefore, he decided to reduce the salary of the soldiers. But they did not have to face any kind of difficulties, so he fixed the prices of their essential items. It was called his market control policy.