Write short notes on Chinese and Mesopotamian civilizations?
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Chinese civilization:
The name China comes from the early Chin dynasty that once ruled the area covering modern China. Chinese civilisation developed around 5000 years ago. China has a recorded history of more than 3600 years and another early 2000 years of unrecorded history. Chinese civilisation produced many things that are still in use today. Things like paper, the compass, and gunpowder. This was used in fireworks, another Chinese invention. It was only later that the Europeans adapted it for use in guns. Chinese civilisation spread to many parts of Asia, influencing the development there. Agriculture, silk making, pottery, metal craft and wood work were their main occupations. The Chinese domesticated and reared horses, cattle, sheep, pigs, dogs and poultry. Chinese people had a trade relationship with the Mesopotamians, the people from the Indus River valley, and the Swahili from the eastern coast of Africa. China held many cultural groups or ethnic divisions. The people of China are divided into inner Chinese and outer Chinese people. The Inner China is the eastern area of China close to the coastal regions. Two major rivers, the Yellow River and Yan Tse River together with small rivers provide plentiful water.
The people of China have strong and rich religious beliefs. The dominant religion is Buddhism, started by Indian prince Siddharta Gautama Buddha. Many of the Chinese beliefs and rituals are still practised today. It could be said that Chinese civilisation is the only ancient one still existing today.
Mesopotamian civilization:
Early civilizations began to form around the time of the Neolithic Revolution—12000 BCE. The name Mesopotamia was given to the Middle Eastern civilisation that existed between the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers
Some of the major Mesopotamian civilizations include the Sumerian, Assyrian, Akkadian, and Babylonian civilizations. By the 7th century BC small farming settlements of people were established. Later on in southern Mesopotamia, people began to develop irrigation agriculture instead of just relying on the flooding of the two rivers. This led to the first of Mesopotamian towns called Eridu and Uruk. The Mesopotamian people therefore had a great respect for the rivers that supported them. They believed in a God of water that controlled the rivers. They worshipped nature as God. The fertile soil of Mesopotamia helped the agricultural process It led to trade and the consequent growth of cities Uruk Lagash Were the major cities in ancient Mesopotamia. Cities were also trading centres.Trade link between the people of Mesopotamia and the indus valley. As the trade developed, it became essential to record the accounts of the exchanged goods. It eventually led to the development of the art of writing. The Mesopotamian system of writing is called Cuneiform. They also invented the wheel and early calendar. By 3000 B.C., Mesopotamia was firmly under the control of the Sumerian people. Sumer contained several decentralized city-states—Eridu, Nippur, Lagash, Uruk, Kish and Ur. The first king of a united Sumer is recorded as Etana of Kish. It’s unknown whether Etana really existed, as he and many of the rulers listed in the Sumerian King List that was developed around 2100 B.C. are all featured in Sumerian mythology as well. Mesopotamia was later conquered by the Roman Empire under Emperor Alexander the Great. As a result, the Mesopotamian civilisation carries many different influences from the west and east.
(note: I have tried my best to group the important points about both the civilizations.It would be neat if you break them into points)
Hope it was useful!
The name China comes from the early Chin dynasty that once ruled the area covering modern China. Chinese civilisation developed around 5000 years ago. China has a recorded history of more than 3600 years and another early 2000 years of unrecorded history. Chinese civilisation produced many things that are still in use today. Things like paper, the compass, and gunpowder. This was used in fireworks, another Chinese invention. It was only later that the Europeans adapted it for use in guns. Chinese civilisation spread to many parts of Asia, influencing the development there. Agriculture, silk making, pottery, metal craft and wood work were their main occupations. The Chinese domesticated and reared horses, cattle, sheep, pigs, dogs and poultry. Chinese people had a trade relationship with the Mesopotamians, the people from the Indus River valley, and the Swahili from the eastern coast of Africa. China held many cultural groups or ethnic divisions. The people of China are divided into inner Chinese and outer Chinese people. The Inner China is the eastern area of China close to the coastal regions. Two major rivers, the Yellow River and Yan Tse River together with small rivers provide plentiful water.
The people of China have strong and rich religious beliefs. The dominant religion is Buddhism, started by Indian prince Siddharta Gautama Buddha. Many of the Chinese beliefs and rituals are still practised today. It could be said that Chinese civilisation is the only ancient one still existing today.
Mesopotamian civilization:
Early civilizations began to form around the time of the Neolithic Revolution—12000 BCE. The name Mesopotamia was given to the Middle Eastern civilisation that existed between the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers
Some of the major Mesopotamian civilizations include the Sumerian, Assyrian, Akkadian, and Babylonian civilizations. By the 7th century BC small farming settlements of people were established. Later on in southern Mesopotamia, people began to develop irrigation agriculture instead of just relying on the flooding of the two rivers. This led to the first of Mesopotamian towns called Eridu and Uruk. The Mesopotamian people therefore had a great respect for the rivers that supported them. They believed in a God of water that controlled the rivers. They worshipped nature as God. The fertile soil of Mesopotamia helped the agricultural process It led to trade and the consequent growth of cities Uruk Lagash Were the major cities in ancient Mesopotamia. Cities were also trading centres.Trade link between the people of Mesopotamia and the indus valley. As the trade developed, it became essential to record the accounts of the exchanged goods. It eventually led to the development of the art of writing. The Mesopotamian system of writing is called Cuneiform. They also invented the wheel and early calendar. By 3000 B.C., Mesopotamia was firmly under the control of the Sumerian people. Sumer contained several decentralized city-states—Eridu, Nippur, Lagash, Uruk, Kish and Ur. The first king of a united Sumer is recorded as Etana of Kish. It’s unknown whether Etana really existed, as he and many of the rulers listed in the Sumerian King List that was developed around 2100 B.C. are all featured in Sumerian mythology as well. Mesopotamia was later conquered by the Roman Empire under Emperor Alexander the Great. As a result, the Mesopotamian civilisation carries many different influences from the west and east.
(note: I have tried my best to group the important points about both the civilizations.It would be neat if you break them into points)
Hope it was useful!
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