write short notes on forest soil ncert class 10
Answers
Forests represent the 31% of the total land area and support more than 1.6 million people around the world. At the same time, forests are important because they are home of 80% of the terrestrial biodiversity which include plants, animals and microorganisms. The interactions of the terrestrial biodiversity are integrated in the food web process. Those processes include the transfer of energy, community interactions and nutrient cycling. These process are also linked with abiotic factors as soil, water and climate and determine the productive characteristic of each niche.
The most common soil definition is "Soils as a media for plant growth" . However, soils have several functions that determine the ecological roles in the environment:
- Recycling system for nutrients and organic waste
- Modifier of the atmosphere
- Habitat for soil organisms
- Engineering medium
System for water supply and purification
Soil formation is a pedogenic and biogeochemical process that is dependent of the translocation, biocycling and transformation of materials deposited and degraded by microorganisms on the uppers soil layer. These processes are developed along time and space, and have as final product the formation of soils with different physical and chemical characteristics.
The early soil classification made by the USDA on 1938, classified forest soils in the Zonal soil Order, as Pedalfers , that are soils with the following suborder:
- Soils of forest-grassland transition
- Light-colored podzolized soils of timberland regions
- Lateritic soils of forested warm-temperature and tropical regions.
The Soil Science Society of America does not have a specific definition about forest soils. However, Comerford (2006) defined forest soils as a soil that has been developed under forest cover, or a forest that has been disturbed but once was covered by forest vegetation.
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