Question

write short notes on neuroglial cells​

Answer 1

Glia, also called glial cells or neuroglia, are non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system. They maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and provide support and protection for neurons. In the central nervous system, glial cells include oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, ependymal cells, and microglia, and in the peripheral nervous system glial cells include Schwann cells and satellite cells. They have four main functions: (1) to surround neurons and hold them in place; (2) to supply nutrients and oxygen to neurons; (3) to insulate one neuron from another; (4) to destroy pathogens and remove dead neurons. They also play a role in neurotransmission and synaptic connections, and in physiological processes like breathing . While glia were thought to outnumber neurons by a ratio of 10:1, a recent study provides evidence for a ratio of less than 1:1.

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Answer 2

NCERT based Answer for Class 11 Biology Students

Neuroglia:

 Neuroglia support, nurture and protect neurons and maintain homeostasis of fluid that surrounds neurons. For example, Schwann cells of myelinated nerve fibers.

 Constitute about 50% of CNS.

 Can multiply in mature nervous system.

Note: Brain tumor is derived from neuroglia.

Types of Neuroglia and their function:

1. Astrocytes form blood brain barrier.

2. Microglia are derived from monocytes and are phagocytic in nature. These protect CNS from diseases by engulfing microbes and clearing away debris.

3. Ependymal cells are epithelial cells that line fluid filled ventricles (cavities) within brain and central canal of spinal cord.  

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