Write short notes on Poliomyelitis.(mode of transmission, symptoms, prevention)
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Answer:
Polio also called as Poliomyelitis. It is a viral disease that destroys the nerve cells present in the spinal cord, causing paralysis or muscle weakness to some parts of the body. It is a contagious disease affecting the nervous system and is caused by Picornaviridae – a poliovirus.
In very rare cases it causes muscle weakness resulting in an inability to move or paralysis.
The virus is transmitted by person-to-person through the following ways –
1) Through the faecal-oral route.
2) By contaminated water or food.
This virus primarily grows and multiplies in the intestine, from where it can attack the nervous system and will cause polio and paralysis on an advanced level.
Signs or symptoms of Polio are :-
Fever.
A sore throat.
Vomiting.
Headache.
Fatigue.
Abnormal reflexes.
Stiffness and pain in arm and leg pain.
Problems with swallowing and breathing.
Back pain, particularly neck stiffness.
Muscle tenderness and spasms.
PREVENTION:-
The best prevention against polio is a series of four vaccine shots in the arm or leg.
The inactivated polio vaccine used in the United States is very effective and safe, and cannot cause polio.
The recommended vaccination schedule for children is based on age:
• First shot when 2 months old.
• Second shot when 4 months old.
•Third shot between 6 and 18 months old.
• A “booster” shot when 4 to 6 years old, for an extra dose to secure protection.