Write short notes on stress and rhythm in connected speech
Answers
Stress Stress can be defined as the relative degree of force or emphasis given to a particular syllable or word to make it stand out (i.e., be easily noticed) from other syllables or words in an utterance. If syllables have stress, they are said to be stressed syllables (or accented syllables). If syllables do not have stress, they are considered to be unstressed syllables (or unaccented syllables). In this course, we will study two types of stress: word stress and sentence stress. Word stress (also called accent) is the relative degree of force or emphasis that words or parts of words have when they are considered (or spoken) individually or in isolation (as in a dictionary). In our transcriptions, we will mark only two levels of word stress: primary stress ["] and secondary stress [Æ]. The syllable that is pronounced loudest or with the greatest emphasis in a word receives the primary stress. Likewise, the syllable that is pronounced with a little less emphasis than the one which has the primary stress receives the secondary stress. For example, the monosyllabic words ‘book’ and ‘speak’ have primary stress: /bUk/, /spi...k/. Similarly, the syllables pa- and -cause of the dissyllabic words ‘paper’ and ‘because’ have primary stress: /"peIp ́r/, /bI"kÅz/. In a like manner, the syllables -ten- in the word ‘attention’, -a- in the word ‘pronunciation’ and sec- in the word ‘secondary’ (which are polysyllabic words) have primary stress, while the syllables -ary and -nun- have secondary stress: / ́"tenSn/, /pr ́ÆnønsI"eISn/, /"sek ́nÆderI/. Notice that the stress mark is placed just before the syllable that carries the stress or before /s/ when this sound is followed by another consonant (e.g., ‘structure’ /"strøktS ́r/). In isolation, every word has a primary stress; however, pronouncing dictionaries do not usually mark the primary stress in the transcription of monosyllabic words. Likewise, only words of two or more syllables can have primary stress and secondary stress at the same time. Again, pronouncing dictionaries do not often mark the secondary stress in their transcriptions of dissyllabic words, but we will always do it in ours. On the other hand, sentence stress is the relative degree of force or emphasis that words or parts of words have when they are used in connected speech, that is, in combination with other words forming phrases and sentences. Ehh sorry it’s not short but I hope it helps
Stress is usually the force or emphasis to a particular syllable in the sentence or in a world
There is world stress and syllable stress .this is usually with the aim of the word to come out in a more strong manner than the others that maybe flatt
This also makes emphasis so that one can easilily notice the word itself from other syllable and in that case one can easily tell what you are talking about and act apropriately or respond to you in accordance
Stressed syllables are the syllables that have the stressed words