Question

Write short notes on the following
(e) Effect of latitudes on climate

Answer 1

Answer:

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Answer 2

Answer:

Earth receives energy from the Sun, and reflects some of it back into space through the processes of convection and radiation. During the day, the air temperature increases as energy received exceeds the energy reflected from Earth's surface. During the night, the air temperature decreases as Earth's loses more energy than it receives. That’s how air temperatures at Earth's surface are controlled.

Such variation in daily temperature for a given area on Earth depends upon the angle of the sun's rays and the number of daylight hours at that location. Earth's axis is tilted 23.50° off the plane of its orbit around the sun. On account of this, the angle of the sun's rays and the number of daylight hours in a location changes during the year as Earth orbits the sun. For six months the North Pole is leaning towards the Sun and for the remaining six months, the South Pole is leaning towards the Sun.

The seasons are reversed in the southern hemisphere – like when it is winter in the North, it is summer in the South.

The latitudes start at the equator at 0° and end at the poles, 90° North or 90° south of the equator. You can see from the accompanying images, the maximum energy from the Sun is over the equatorial region and as we move up or down from the equator, the Sun’s angle decreases. In fact, for about three months in the year, there is darkness at the poles because of this. (During the rest of the year, the sun is so low on the horizon, there is hardly any energy reaching the Polar Regions.)

Image credit: NASA

Furthermore, the variation between daylight and night-time hours is much less in the equatorial region whereas as we move up towards North or move down towards South, the variation is fairly large. For example, in summer, Finland enjoys up to 19 hours of daylight which drops to just 6 hours or so in winter.

You are aware that warm air rises in the atmosphere and cool air sinks. The circulation of wind in the Earth’s atmosphere is caused by the rotation of the earth and the incoming energy from the sun. Wind helps in transporting energy and heat from the equator to the poles. this you want brother please mark brainlist answer