Write short notes on the following: (i) Language Learning Aptitude (ii) Multiple Intelligences (iii) Classroom Interaction (iv) Use of Research Tools (v) Retrospective Evaluation.
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Answer:
(i) Language Learning Aptitude :-refers to the "prediction of how well, relative to other individuals, an individual can learn a foreign language in a given amount of time and under given conditions".[1] As with many measures of aptitude, language learning aptitude is thought to be relatively stable once a person matures.
(ii) Multiple Intelligences:-Multiple Intelligences is Howard Gardner’s psychological theory about people and their different types of intelligences (logical, visual, musical, etc.). There are seven Intelligences that each person has. A person may have two or more dominant intelligences, and maybe there are some individuals who have a balance of all seven intelligences.
Howard Gardner initially formulated a list of seven intelligences. His listing was provisional. The first two have been typically valued in schools; the next three are usually associated with the arts; and the final two are what Howard Gardner called 'personal intelligences’.
(iii) Classroom Interaction:-The term classroom interaction refers to the interaction between the teacher and learners, and amongst the learners, in the classroom. Earlier studies of second language (L2) classroom interaction focused on the language used by the teacher and learners, the interaction generated, and their effect on L2 learning. More recent studies have begun to investigate the underlying factors which shape interaction in the classroom – e.g. teacher and learner beliefs, social and cultural background of the teacher and learners, and the psychological aspects of second and foreign language learning – providing further insights into the complexities of classroom interaction.
(iv) Use of Research Tools:-A Research Instrument is a tool used to collect, measure, and analyze data related to your research interests. These tools are most commonly used in health sciences, social sciences, and education to assess patients, clients, students, teachers, staff, etc.
(v) Retrospective Evaluation.:-Retrospective evaluation of change in behavior. Accomplished by surveys measuring skill use, 360-degree assessment, interviews, etc. Examines if the training had long-term personal impact that resulted in behaviors instilled or changed.
The reason retrospective evaluations are used is because it takes time for individuals to enhance their skills and change behavior. It would not be possible to measure these changes immediately following the training year. It is also possible to use retrospective evaluations to capture changes in behavior over time.
Explanation:
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