Question

Write short notes on the following: (i) Structuralism (ii) Functionalism (iii) Gestalt psychology (iv) Behaviourism (v) Cognitive psychology​

Answer 1

Answer:

(i)Structuralism-In sociology, anthropology, and linguistics, structuralism is the methodology that implies elements of human culture must be understood by way of their relationship to a broader, overarching system or structure. It works to uncover the structures that underlie all the things that humans do, think, perceive, and feel.

(ii)functionalism-Functionalism (or structural functionalism) is the perspective in sociology according to which society consists of different but related parts, each of which serves a particular purpose. ... Problems in a single part of society can disrupt the whole.

(iii)gestalt psychology-Gestalt psychology or gestaltism is a school of psychology that emerged in Austria and Germany in the early twentieth century based on work by Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Köhler, and Kurt Koffka. As used in Gestalt psychology, the German word gestalt is interpreted as "pattern" or "configuration".

(iv)behaviorism-Behaviorism is the theory that human or animal psychology can be objectively studied through observable actions (behaviors), rather than thoughts and feelings that cannot be observed. ... In operant conditioning, an animal or human learns a behavior by associating it with consequences

(v)cognitive psychology-Cognitive psychology is the branch of psychology that focuses on the way people process information. ... Cognitive psychologists study internal processes that include perception, attention, language, memory, and thinking.