write short notes on the following transpiration pull, root pressure, cohesion ,adhesion
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Transpiration pull - Water in the mesophyll cells of leaves ( cells located below the Stomata ) is in contact with water or SAP in xylem of leaf petiole, stem and root . This is water evaporates by the process of transpiration . Thus, due to transpiration water is pulled upward which create and upwards suction force are called transpiration pull
Root pressure - it is the pressure developed in the xylem due to metabolic activity of the root cells. It is hydrostatic pressure developed in the root stem that forms the water or sap in the roots xylem.
Cohesion - It refers to the attraction of molecules for other molecules of the same kind, and water molecules have strong cohesive forces thanks to their ability to form hydrogen bonds with one another.
Adhesion - It is the attraction of molecules of one kind for molecules of a different kind, and it can be quite strong for water, especially with other molecules bearing positive or negative charges.
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Transpiration pull – As the water is lost from the leaf surface by transpiration more water molecules are pulled up due to the tendency of water molecules to remain joined ( cohesion ) , and thus to produce a continuous column of water through the stem . This phenomenon is known as transpiration pull.
Root pressure – Root pressure can be defined as a force that helps to drive fluids upward into the water conducting vessels . It is generated as a result of osmotic pressure in the cells of the roots and can be demonstrated by exudation of fluid when the stem is cut off just above ground . As the stem is cut off , dops of solution begin to ooze out which is an effect of root pressure. The effect of root pressure is also visible at night and early morning . During this time the rate of evaporation is low , as a result of which water droplets can be seen the around special openings of veins near the tip of leaves of plants.
Cohesion – The force of attraction between the same molecules is known as Cohesion.Cohesion force is rampant among water molecules.Surface tension, meniscus and capillary action are the effects of cohesion.Cohesion is caused by hydrogen bonding and Van der Waals forces.A strong force of cohesion forms water droplets on any surface.
Adhesion – Adhesion happens between two dissimilar molecules or substances.Adhesion is generally the force of attraction present between the water molecules and the walls of xylem vessels.Capillary action and meniscus (the curved surface which is formed by any liquid in a cylinder) are the effects of adhesion.Adhesion is caused by electrostatic or mechanical forces that exist among two kinds of different substances.A strong adhesion force causes the liquid to spread all over the surface.
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