Question

Write short notes on the following types of elements :-
a. Alkali metals
b. Alkaline Earth metals
c. Halogens
d. Noble gases
e. Transition and inner transition elements
f. Normal elements

Answer 1

Explanation:

1)The alkali metals consist of the chemical elements lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), caesium (Cs), and francium (Fr). ... The alkali metals are all shiny, soft, highly reactive metals at standard temperature and pressure and readily lose their outermost electron to form cations with charge +1.Alkali metal compounds have been known since antiquity. In 1807, Sir Humphry Davy surprised everyone by electrolytically preparing (and naming) potassium and sodium metals. In 1808, he noted their interaction with ammonia, which, 100 years later, was attributed to solvated electrons.

2)The alkaline earth metals are all of the elements in the second column (column 2A) of the periodic table. This group includes beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba) and radium (Ra). Alkaline earth metals have only two electrons in their outermost electron layer.Since magnesium burns brightly, it is used in flares and fireworks. Magnesium alloys with aluminum provide light weight and sturdy materials for airplanes, missiles, and rockets. Several antacids use magnesium hydroxide to neutralize excess stomach acid.

3)Group 17 elements are called halogens because halogen is a Greek word which means 'salt producing'. Halogens include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and astatine. They all are non-metals. They react with metals to form compounds called salts.The name halogen comes from the Greek words "hals", meaning "salt", and "gen", meaning "to make." Fluorine is considered one of the most reactive elements in existence. Simple compounds that contain halogens are called halides. Fluorine gas is deadly.

4)Noble gas. The noble gases are the chemical elements in group 18 of the periodic table. They are the most stable due to having the maximum number of valence electrons their outer shell can hold. Therefore, they rarely react with other elements since they are already stable.The six naturally occurring noble gases are helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and the radioactive radon (Rn).

5)Transition metals are in the d-block and have valence electrons in the d-orbital's. They can form multiple oxidation states and form different ions. ... Inner transition metals are in the f-block and have valence electrons in the f-orbital's. They consist of the Lanthanides and the Actinides.Most inner transition metals are used to generate nuclear power. For example, nuclear power plants collide uranium atoms with neutrons. It helps in releasing uranium neutrons, which are hit with other particles later, forming a chain reaction. Control rods manage the chain reaction while absorbing neutrons.The transition elements include the important metals iron, copper and silver. Iron and titanium are the most abundant transition elements. Many catalysts for industrial reactions involve transition elements.

6)Halogen family: Group 17 elements—fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I) and astatine (At). Their general electronic configuration is ns2np5. Normal elements: Elements belonging to the s- and p-blocks in the periodic table are called the normal elements or main group elements.

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